Article 1: The Italian Republic recognizes the day of 27 January, date of the pulling down of the gates of Auschwitz, as the ‘Day of Memory’, to remember the Shoah (extermination of the Jewish people), the racial laws, Italy’s persecution of its Jewish citizens, Italians who underwent deportation, imprisonment and death, as well as those, with differing positions and allegiances, who opposed the extermination project and, risking their own lives, saved others and protected the persecuted.