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women - Coggle Diagram
women
Marriage
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for example, whilst men could initiate divorce simply by sending their wife back to their father's house, the one instance we have of an Athenian woman attempting to initiate a divorce requires her to go before one of the archons, and she fails because her husband intervenes
this is about Hipparete, the wife of Alcibiades, reported by Plutarch
evidence
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Xenophon, Oeconomicus, 7.20-25 - a wife providing order to the home, more naturally disposed to indoor work
Property
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Epikleros
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the ideal goal was to have the woman epikleros marry a patrilateral male relative so as to keep the inheritance within the male line
if she was married, but had produced no son, her relatives could force a divorce in order to marry her and preserve the inheritance
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there are two Demosthenic speeches implying that men had both normal wives and one given to them through the epidikasia procedure
engye
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root word of surety - a money term, shows that marriage is the transmission of property
citizenship
Aristotle's definition of the politai (Arist. Pol. 3.1275b) is structured to exclude women, because it includes only those who take place in the civic life of the city
"a citizen pure and simple is defined by nothing else so much as by the right to participate in judicial functions and in office"
Athenian citizen boys registered with their demes as a bureaucratic requirement of citizenship, but Athenian women of citizen status did not
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production of children
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importance of polis religion regarding fertility - both the adonia and the Thesmophoria regard fertility rights - the health of the polis is connected with the production of children
menander
the marriage agreement was probably sealed with the traditional formula: "I hand over this woman to you for the ploughing of legitimate children"
Inscriptions
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for example, Hegeso stele
Speech within the house
Diodotus' widow in Lysias 32 makes a long speech revealing that there was free and equal interchange about domestic interests of the family
"which do you think is harder to bear: a wild beast's brutality, or a mothers?
In public
Electra by Euripides, her husband critiques her for loitering outside/talking to strange men
in Sophocles' Electra, Cyltemnestra recounts Electra's 'wandering untethered' in public view, 'bringing shame on her philoi'
Houses, Archaeological evidence
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Religious roles
speech from female chorus of Lysistrata - "as soon as I turned seven I was an Arrephoros...shedding my saffron robe..."