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‘Henry VII’s consolidation of power in the years 1485 to 1499 was the…

- - - - showed Henry's personal strengths
      - -faced two major pretenders Lambert Simell and Perkin Warbeck
      - -Simnel was presented as Earl of Warwick in 1487 + gained support from Yorkists such as Earl of Lincoln and Marg of Burg
      - -Henry defeated the rebellion at the Battle of Stoke 1487- considered final battle of war of roses
      - -Dealt with Simnel pragmaticlly sparing him and employing him in the royal kitchens- prevent him from becoming a martyr
      - Warbeck
        
        claimed to be Richard Duke of York one of the princes in the Tower
        
        Henry survived multiple invasion attemps including Warbeck's support for Cornish Rebel 1497
        
        Through diplomacy ended foreign backing- treaty etaples 1492
        
        ended support in France
        
        Intercursus Magnus 1496
        
        ended support in Netherlands
        
        Warbeck eventually executed 1499
      - Paraded the real one through London in 1487
- - - - 15,000-12,000 of King's men rebels- 8,000 and less well equipped
        consisted of Irish troops who were lightly armored or "naked" (lacking armour), making them vulnerable to the relentless, accurate volleys of arrows from the [Lancastrian longbowmen]. Poor tactical decisions-Yorkist army became trapped on the high ground with the River Trent on three sides, preventing a successful retreat.
  - - - Richard III killed alog with John Howard, Duke of Norflok one of his key supporters
- - - - Papal dispensation for marriage as distantly related
  - - - previous instability not clever to crown Yorkist queen while Yorkist revolt still alive
- - - - as did not want Yorkists to think she was the true source of ---------