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Organic structure and Isomerism - Coggle Diagram
Organic structure and Isomerism
Organic structure
Molercular formula and representations
Lewis structure
Bond-line structure
Partially condensed structure
Condensed structure
Molecular fomula
Functional group
Akyl halide
Alkane
Alkene
Alkyne
Alcohol
Ether
Thiol
Ketone
Aldehyde
Carboxylic acid
Isomerism
Structural isomer
Carbon-chain isomer
Functional group isomer
Functional group positional isomer
Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Rules
Atom with higher atomic number will be given higher priority
Atoms in the substituent group that participate in single, double, or triple bonds are considered to be connected to one, two, or three other atoms respectively.
Stereoisomer
Conformational Isomer
Molecule projections
Stereo projection
Newman projection
Fischer projection
Conduguration isomer
Geometric isomercontain a rigid molecular fragment that do not rotate (double bonds or rings)
Cis/trans system: when the two atoms of the double bond have the same substituent
Z/E system: when the substituents are all different
Optical isomer
conformation isomers
Chiral center naming system: R/S
Optical activity and chirality
Dextrorotatory molecules
Laevorotatory molecules
Racemic mixture
Optical active: Compounds with non-superimposable mirror image are called chiral compounds
a A molecule with n asymmetric carbons may have a maximum of 2n optical isomer
to have chirality: Have asymmetric carbon, C*
Have no plane of symmetry
Not optical active: Achiral
enantiomers: If A rotate plain-polarized light to the left B rotate plain-polarized light to the right the same angle
meso-Compound: a compound with a plane of symmetry within the molecule not optical active
Diastereomers: a pair of compounds that are optical isomers but not enantiomer of each other.