AYOOB (1989) schizophrenia: tension btw Third World DEMANDS for JUSTICE (redistribution of global resources, decolonisation, technology transfer) and their DEPENDECE on ORDER (PREDICTABILITY of state-centric norms that protect their weak state-structures)
this is rooted in their unconditional legitimacy: western states have legitimacy innately whereas post colonail states- legitimacy was given to them after external world/ factors made up their borders, lumping together ethnicities and different people from dif groups and parts of the country-> legitimacy was constructed/ given externally which makes country PRONE to internal legitimacy disputes (which Western countries do not have), therefore unconditional legitimacy
Ayoob: most post-colonial states lack both forms of legitimacy -> prone to sub-state NATIONALISM: State-structure legitimacy contested -> colonial borders often cut across ethnic, linguistic, and religious communities, lumped together populations with NO SHARED HISTORY of political community, -> SPLIT such communities across multiple states. The result= endemic vulnerability to secessionist claims (Biafra, Eritrea, Katanga, Bangladesh, southern Sudan, the Tamil regions of Sri Lanka)
thin INSTITUTIONAL SEDIMENT: since institutional channels (through which govs acquire authority) -> recently established-> , often grafted onto societies whose traditional authority structures ran differently-> have NOT accumulated LEGITIMACY
- Since legitimacy given externally to Post-colonial states: more fragile because not legitimacy wihtin state (Ayoob 1989)-> Postcolonial theory: states were created ARTIFICIALLY cases studies drawing country lines! -> have dif structural challenges than European states!
ARGUMENT AYOOB: apparent schizophrenia of Third World FP structurally rational given the LEGITIMACY DEFICIT states are working with.
- DILEMMA: post-colonial states are loudest CRITICS of order (they want redistribution, voice, justice) WHILE being most dependent BENEFICIARIES (need norms to survive challenges)-> explains why their security concerns run inward as much as outward (coups, insurgencies etc).
concept USEFUL when explain why post-colonial or emerging states have complicated relationship with sovereignty-based international norms WHILE using INTERN. ORGS to establish legitimacy
- Intern. ORGS as INSTRUMENT/ SUBSTITUTES for absent legitimacy):
post colonial states NEED intern order as EXISTENTIAL PRECONDITION:
-norm of territorial integrity
- norm of non-intervention. Non-intervention serves a parallel function against external rather than internal challenger-> fragile post-colonial state cannot, and depends on the NORMATIVE prohibition itself to deter intervention by states that could otherwise easily impose their will
India, Brazil, and SA-> DEFENDERS of non-intervention recognition -> external intervention threatensl their own state-structures depend on
- Sovereign equality as recognitional infrastructure: equal vote in many fora, equal access to ICJ jurisdiction, equal standing to make treaties, equal claim to diplomatic immunities. This recognitional infrastructure substitutes for the domestic legitimacy these states have not yet fully acquired-> PROVIDES EXTERNAL LEGITIMACY to compensate for missing (at times) INTERNAL legitimacy