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Hard tissue pathology - Coggle Diagram
Hard tissue pathology
other
Rickets
hypocalcification of the teeth,
Early-onset idiopathic hypoparathyroidism
Ectodermal effects
hypoplastic with ridged enamel, short blunt roots
Nails defective
complete absence of hair.
Pt may develop polyendocrinopathy syndrome
Chronic oral candidosis >>first sign
Hypophosphatasia
genetic disorder
failure of development of mature bone and cementum
early loss of teeth
skeletal effects
premeture loss of deciduse incisors >> early sign
Ehlers–Danlos syndromes
collagen disorders
hypermobile joints, >>> TMJ recurrent dislocation.
loose hyperextensible skin,
fragile oral mucosa
in type VIII, early-onset periodontitis
small teeth with short roots and multiple pulp stones
Gardner’s syndrome/ familial adenomatous polyposis
multiple osteomas,
colonic polyps >> Colon carcinoma
skin tumours.
impacted teeth
supernumerary or missing teeth
abnormal root formation.
Epidermolysis bullosa
genetic blistering disease of skin and mucosae.
fine or coarse pitting defects,
thin and uneven enamel
defects result from poor adhesion between ameloblasts during development.
Scarring type >> delay or faliure eruption
Congenital syphilis
fetus becomes infected at a very early stage >> abortion.
only the permanent teeth are affected
upper central incisors.
Hutchinson’s incisors
anterior open bite
first Molars
compressed nodules instead of cusps (mulberry molars)
dome shaped (Moon’s molars)
infection of the dental follicle by Treponema pallidum.
chronic inflammation >> proliferation of the odontogenic epithelium>> central notch.
fibrosis of the tooth sac,
compression of tooth and
distortion of the ameloblast layer.
Vitamin D-resistant rickets / Familial hypophosphataemia
X-linked dominant disease
cause phosphate loss in the kidneys,
Rickets that does not respond to vitamin D.
short legs
wide skull sutures
kyphosis
periapical granuloma >> on normal tooth
large pulp chambers with
extensions of the pulp horns >> prone to exposure by attrition or fracture
Calcification of dentine is defective
DEFECTS OF ENAMEL AND DENTINE
Regional odontodysplasia (ghost teeth)
associated
facial vascular naevi
hydrocephalus
not hereditary
severe abnormalities of thin enamel and dentine, large pulp.
maxillary teeth
fail to erupt
yellow with rough surface
Radiograph / RL
Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia
mild form of the condition hemimaxillofacial dysplasia
mistaken by / fibrous dysplasia or regional odontodysplasia.
unilateral expansion of the alveolar process of the maxilla
facial asymmetry.
delayed eruption
enlargement of the pulps, thin pitted enamel.
sclerotic zone/ woven bone trabeculae in bland fibrous tissue
EXTRINSIC AGENTS AFFECTING TEETH
Tetracycline pigmentation
taken up by calcifying tissues
Band of tetracycline -stained bone and tooth
fluoresces bright yellow under ultraviolet light.
then dirty brown or grey >> exclude dentinogenesis imperfecta
more translucent.
chipping of the enamel
deposited along the incremental lines of the dentine