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Personality Disorders - Coggle Diagram
Personality Disorders
The 5 Key DSM-5 Personality Disorders
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Core Features: Pervasive social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.
Big Five Formula: High Introversion (withdrawn, passive) + High Neuroticism (anxious, self-conscious).
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Core Features: Calculating, manipulative, untruthful, irresponsible; linked to criminal behavior.
Big Five Formula: High Antagonism (dishonest, callous, exploitative) + Low Conscientiousness (lax, rash, immoral).
Borderline Personality Disorder
Core Features: Emotionally unstable, difficulty controlling anger, prone to self-destruction, extreme fear of abandonment.
Big Five Formula: High Neuroticism (vulnerable, easily enraged, depressive, self-destructive).
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Core Features: Socially uncomfortable/withdrawn, highly suspicious, holds strange/eccentric ideas ("space cadet").
Big Five Formula: High Neuroticism + High Introversion + High Unconventionality + High Antagonism.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Core Features: Extreme need for admiration/high regard, authoritative, quick to react with anger, lack of empathy.
Big Five Formula: High Neuroticism + High Extraversion + High Antagonism + High Conscientiousness.
Core Definitions & Concepts
Personality: A person’s characteristic manner of thinking, feeling, behaving, and relating to others.
Personality Disorder: A collection of personality traits leading to distress or social/occupational/academic dysfunction.
Syndromes: They are constellations of maladaptive traits (the "dark side" of the Big Five), not just a single trait.
Validity and Treatment Realities
Ego-Syntonic Nature: Most individuals are comfortable with their behavior and lack the insight to realize they need help, so few seek treatment.
Treatment Manual Exception: Borderline PD is the only personality disorder with a well-established, specific treatment manual—Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT).
Diagnostic Overlap: High complexity and overlap make it tough to pinpoint a single origin; two people can share the same diagnosis but only have one feature in common.