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Ecosystem :evergreen_tree: :water_buffalo: :mountain: - Coggle Diagram
Ecosystem
:evergreen_tree: :water_buffalo: :mountain:
Ecological studies & Sampling methods
Transet
line transect
abundance
belt transect
abundance &
distribution
Quadrat :black_square_for_stop:
Random sampling
abundance
percentage cover
percentage frequencey
density
relative density
absolute density
Core definitions
Individual
- Part of a species living in its habitat within a population
Species
- Organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
Population
- Organisms of the same species living in the same habitat at the same time.
Community
- All the populations of different species living in the same habitat at the same time.
Habitat
- The physical environment where an organism lives.
Ecosystem
- A community of organisms (biotic) interacting with the non-living (abiotic) parts of their environment.
abiotic factors
temperature
soil pH
CO2 levels
light intensity
biotic factors
predators
food availability
pathogens
competition
Biodiversity - A measure of the range of species living within an ecosystem.
Feeding relationships & Energy flow
Trophic levels
- feeding levels in a food chain
Producers :deciduous_tree:
Consumers :eagle: :fish:
Decomposers :mushroom:
Food chain
Food web
Energy transfer & efficiency
Solar capture: ~1% :sunny:
Trophic efficiency: ~10%
90% wasted :wastebasket:
uneaten :skull_and_crossbones:
unabsorbed/egested :poop:
cellular respiration
Ecological pyramids
:small_red_triangle:
pyramid of biomass
pros :check:
more accurate to show stored energy
cons :red_cross:
may be
inverted
:small_red_triangle_down: due to high turnover rate of rapid-reproducing phytoplankton consumed rapidly by zooplankton
pyramid of energy :zap:
always
upright
:small_red_triangle:
pyramid of numbers
cons :red_cross:
easy to collect data
pros :check:
ignore individual size --> not a pyramid shape
Cycles in the ecosystem
Nitrogen Cycle
Decomposition (--> NH4+)
Nitrification (NH4+ --> NO2- --> NO3-)
Nitrogen fixation
Atmospheric fixation (lightning, N2 + O2 --> NOx)
Biological fixation (N2 --> NH4+)
Assimilation
Denitrification (NO3- --> N2)
Carbon Cycle
Photosynthesis
Feeding, Death and Wastes
Respiration, Combustion