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Viruses - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Rapid reproduction (Binary Fission)
        
        High mutation rates allow for huge population sizes
  - - - Staph Clumps
      - Strept Chains
  - - - Gram Positive thick layer of peptidoglycan layer
      - Gram Negative Thin peptidoglycan layer plus a toxic outer membrane often resistant to antibiotics
  - - - Slime layer: Unorganized sticky layer
      - Endospores: Thick-coated, resistant cells produced to survive harsh conditions
        
        Fimbriae: Hairlike appendages for sticking to substrates
        
        Pili (Sex Pili) Pulls two cells together prior to DNA transfer
        
        Extremophiles
        
        Halophiles: live in high saline environments
        
        Thermophiles: live in very hot environments
        
        Methanogens: Produce methane as a waste product
  - - - Plasmids: Small rings of independently replicating DNA
  - - - F +: converts F - to F+ if entire plasmid is transferred
        
        HFr: hybrid a little bit of F+ and F-
        
        F - : are the receivers during conjugation
  - - - Obligate Anaerobes = poisoned by O2
        
        Facultative Anaerobes = can work with O2 or without O2
- - - - Capsid: the protein shell made of subunits called capsomeres
- - - - Results in host cell death
        
        Involves “virulent” phages
        
        Symptoms occur when host cell has burst
  - - - replicates viral DNA without destroying the host
        
        involves “temperate” phages
        
        HIV —> Lysogenic AIDS —> Lytic