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Microscope (A microscope is an instrument used to magnify very small…

- - - - Simple Microscope
        (Uses a single convex lens.)
        
        Features
        • Low magnification (up to 20x)
        • Simple and portable
        • Produces virtual image
        
        Example
        Magnifying glass, watchmaker’s lens
      - Stereo Microscope (Dissecting Microscope)
        (Gives a 3D view of thick or opaque objects.)
        
        Features
        • Low magnification (10x–50x)
        • 3D image formation
        • Good working distance
        
        Example
        Dissection of insects, leaves
      - Compound Microscope
        (Uses two or more lenses (objective + eyepiece).
        
        Features
        • High magnification (40x–1000x+)
        • Used for thin transparent specimens
        • Shows detailed internal structur
        
        Example
        School laboratory compound microscope
  - - - Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
        (Electrons pass through ultra-thin specimen.)
        
        Features
        • Very high magnification (up to 1,000,000x)
        • Shows internal cell structures
        • Produces 2D images
        
        Example
        Virus structure, cell organelles
      - Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
        (Electrons scan the surface of specimen.)
        
        Features
        • High magnification (up to 500,000x)
        • Produces 3D surface images
        • Excellent surface detail
        
        Example
        Insect surface, pollen grains
  - - - Epifluorescence Microscope
        ( Light passes through objective lens and excites fluorophores in specimen.)
        
        Features
        • High sensitivity and contrast
        • Used for labeled cells and proteins
        • Shows glowing structures
        
        Example
        Cancer cell detection, DNA studies
      - Confocal Microscope
        (Uses laser scanning and optical sectioning to produce sharp images.)
        
        Features
        • Very high resolution
        • Produces 3D images
        • Removes out-of-focus light
        
        Example
        Nerve cells, tissue imaging