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METAL PROSCESSES - Coggle Diagram
METAL PROSCESSES
Press forming — Sheet metal is shaped in a press using a die and punch, making it suitable for mass-produced products like car panels.
Spinning — A rotating sheet metal disc is formed over a mould on a lathe to create symmetrical shapes such as lampshades or bowls.
Cupping — A punch presses sheet metal into a shallow cup shape, commonly used for items like cans and containers.
Deep drawing — Sheet metal is stretched into a deep hollow shape using a punch and die, ideal for sinks and drink cans.
Forging — Heated metal is shaped using compressive force to produce very strong components such as tools or crankshafts.
Drop forging — Heated metal is hammered between shaped dies to create accurate, high-strength parts in large quantities.
Bending — Metal is permanently angled or curved using force, often with a press brake, for products like brackets and frames.
Rolling — Metal passes through rollers to reduce thickness or create sections such as steel sheets and beams.
Sand casting — Molten metal is poured into a sand mould, making it suitable for large or low-volume components with complex shapes.
Die casting — Molten metal is injected into a reusable steel mould under pressure for fast, accurate mass production.
Investment casting — A wax model coated in ceramic is replaced with molten metal to create detailed and precise components.
Low temperature casting (pewter) — Low-melting-point metals such as pewter are poured into moulds for small decorative products and prototypes.
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Case hardening — Hardening only the outer surface of low-carbon steel while keeping the inside tough.
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