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different scales of production - Coggle Diagram
different scales of production
batch
key points
a set number of products are made at one time e.g rolls of fabric, wallpaper
perishable goods can be made in batches e.g paints, adhesives.
uses moulds, templates and patterns to speed up production.
advantages
a good system for making small quantities of identical products e.g f1 car manufacture
materials can be purchased in large quantities for economies of scale/bulk discounts.
the use of moulds, templates etc can improve consistancy between products.
disadvantages
when machinary is used it will need to be stopped to reconfigure for a new task
another technique employing a degree of highly skilled and hence expensive staff that can add to on-costs.
continuous
key points
many identical products made without stopping e.g processing of materials into stock form.
products should only stop for maintenance.
good for simple components e.g nuts and bolts, staples, zips, resistors.
advantsges
very limited work force required leading to less time lost for comfort breaks, illness and holidays.
highly suited to 24/7 production
very high productivity
disadvantages
very high equipment costs at initial set up.
production time lost for initial st up
prototype/one off
key points
uses hightly skilled workers expecting higher wages.
had fabrication techniques extensively used.
used for prototype production to test out a design or concept at a pre-produced stage.
bespoke production e.g. wedding dress
unique products, e.g artwork, jewleller
advantages
doesn't require hight investment in expensive CAD/CAM or automatic production system.
you can use a standard range of hand and machine tools found in most workshops.
end products are usually high quality.
disadvantages
labour intensive so expensive to produce products using this method.
difficult to replicate exact copies of product.
time consumeing to make.
mass
key points
produces lager number of identical products.
production broken down into stages
high productivity
workers and machines perform one dedicated task for speed
boring and monotonous work
low skilled labour may be considered, but increasingly mass production has a few highly skilled workers automated production lines running efficiently.
use assembly lines and automated manufacture. e.g white goods, TVs and phones.
advantages
good for manufacturing large quantities over a long time, e.g vehicles, drink cans etc.
high productivity leads to large economies of scale buying in materials and components.
highly automated manufactures require lower labour input to increase productivity.
disadvantages
initial set up cost for machinery and equipment is time consuming and expensive
rigorous QA needed to check consistency of products being made of lots of defectives product can be made.