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Changing patterns - Coggle Diagram

- - - - No longer have to get married to legitimise pregnancy because less stigma
      - Cohabitation suitable alternative to marriage and method to avoid divorce
      - Is popular but is not new
  - - - 2% of non-religious people think pre-marital sex is wrong
      - 21% of christian people think pre-marital sex is wrong
      - 54% of non-christian religious groups think pre-marital sex is wrong
- - - - Fertility rates same as white families, marriage rates even lower
      - 1/2 of black mothers have never been married
      - Likely to get married out of own ethnicity
    - - High marriage and fertility rates
      - Low levels of cohabitation outside marriage
      - 1/3 of sikhs and muslims mentioned being in an arranged marriage
      - Very likely to cohabit with extended family after marriage
      - Low divorce rates
    - - Lower marriage and fertility levels
      - Likely to marry outside of own ethnicity
      - Cohabitation before marriage very common
      - Unlikely to cohabit with extended family post marriage
  - - - Conventional
        
        More religious and more economically sucessful
      - Common law
        
        Less economically sucessful
      - Mother household
        
        Relies on mother and extended family
- - - - Research has not shown declining value of marriage - BSAS - has shown no change
      - Barlow - people still view marriage as more than just a peice of paper but view cohabitation as a suitable alternative
      - Functionalist (parsons + fletcher) people place high value on marriage and so expect more
    - - Gibson - modernity has lead to increased value placed on indivualism and free choice - people are happier to leave relationships if they do not get what they want
      - Alan and Crow - people are more likely to consider divorce because marriage is less embedded in economic system and so less reliant on spouse for income
      - Gender
        
        Women have mroe choice and now can make their own income so no longer have to put up with man
        
        Rupanner - more likely chance of divorce
        
        Cooke + gash - no evidence that women who are in employment are more likely to get a divorce
      - Functionalist - adaptation to economic needs causing isolated nuclear family leads to more marital strain
    - - less stigma - yougov 2/3 thought there was no stigma anymore, 1/5 still thought it was taboo
      - Legislation
        
        1971 - no longer emphasis on matrimonial offence
        
        1984 - could get divorce after 1 year
        
        1996 - family act, had to go through period of reflection
        
        2012 - ending of legal advice and aid for those going through divorce unless a domestic abuse case