Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Helping and Prosocial Behavior - Coggle Diagram
Helping and Prosocial Behavior
When do People Help?
Diffusion of Responsiblity
-Taking less responsibility for a situation when more people are around
-When you are the only one to see an emergency, then the responsiblity is all yours in terms of helping
-However, if many people see an emergency, the responsibility is spread out among those people
Pluralistic ignorance
- Relying on other bystanders to determine if help is needed
Bystander effect
-This is when no one else does anything, so a bystander also does nothing
Key Point
- When pluralistic ignorance and diffusion of responsibility occur, people are
less likely to help
Counteracting the bystander effect
-More likely to happen in ambiguous situations
Anyone who needs help should reduce ambiguity by making clear that help is needed by directly asking for help (Ex:"You in the red shirt!! Can you call for help
Costs and benefits of helping
Benefits of helping
May receive social rewards
May avoid guilt by helping
Do the costs outweigh the benefits?
if so helping is less likely
However if the benefits outweigh the costs, the likelihood of helping increases
Who Helps?
Men or Women?
-No difference overall
Dangerous Situations ?
-Men are more likely to help
Reflection.....
Personality traits: Agreeableness
People who score high on agreeableness are more likely to be
kind,considerate, warm, and sympathetic
They are also more likely, compared to those who score low on agreeableness, to help others
PPO
(Prosocial Personality Orientation)
Other-Oriented empathy
-People with other empathy feel a moral obligation to help
Helpfulness
-People with helpfulness characteristics have been helpful in the past, think their help is useful and plan to help in the future
Why Help?
Reflection question: Think about a time when you helped someone.
Negative state relief model
-States that we help others to make ourselves feel better (EX; When we don't feel good, helping can boost our mood)
Altruistic Motives
- Altruistic motivations are focused on helping others as the primary goal
Egoistic Motives
- When we help others for our own needs
Empathy- Altruism Model
When taking the perspective of another person, we experience empathic concern
We are motivated to help to reduce the other person's distress
-As a result, we may help even if the cost to us is high
Kin Selection
- The favoritism shown when helping people who are related to us and share some portion of our DNA
Reciprocal Altruism(
helping people who help us) - Evolutionary psychologists state that reciprocal altruism helps our survival, and so it is useful in passing on our genes