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Chapter 10: How can we respond to the cultural impacts of globalisation -…

- - - - cause: technological advancements
        
        easily spread from country --> world
        
        through digital technology/ platforms
        
        easily accessible to consumers
      - cause: business activities of MNCs
        
        e.g entertainment, food, beverage, fashion
        
        marketing activities facilitate spread
        
        greater exposure, encourage consumption/ spread
      - pop culture
        
        ideas, trends, entertainment, practices that are widely accepted and enjoyed by the massess
        
        E.g Music: K-Pop - BTS, BLACKPINK
        POP Icon - Taylor Swift, Beyonce
    - - Beauty products, television dramas (K-dramas), electronics, food and K-pop.
        
        e.g Laneige (beauty) , BTS, Squid Game
    - - enrich lives --> offer lifestyle choices
      - better relate through shared experiences and identities
  - - - lose significance/ distinctiveness
      - more immersed in global cultural products and lifestyle
        
        practice of local cultures/ ethnic traditions --> less widespread
        
        gradually replaced by adoption of popular & consumer culture
    - - Singaporeans prefer Western artistes/ K-pop to local artistes
      - Singaporeans prefer watching Hollywood movies and shows on Netflix/ K-dramas/ JP anime to local shows (Mediacorp/ Toggle)
      - adopt westernised fashion (Nike, Addidas) or Korean fashion trends (hairstyles) rather than ethnic costumes (for special occasions)
    - - forget culture over time
        
        rich meanings/ way of life connected w culture lost
        
        difficulty for younger gen (under cultural influence) to relate to older gen (more deeply rooted in local & ethnic cultures) [vice versa]
      - efforts to preserve local culture
        
        absorb some foreign influences
        
        incorporate elements of own cultures to create new cultural products that reflect local identity
        
        spread of local cultures overseas (globalisation)
        
        not always lost --> evolve and change gradually
- - - - contain controversial elements
        
        offensive to moral/religious values and beliefs of local community
    - - IMDA banned Swedish band's live concert in SG
        
        Initially: not allowed to refer/ use religion/religious symbols/ ritualistic acts in performance
        
        eventually cancelled
        
        protect their local culture, values, beliefs
        
        Online Petition: MHA expressed concern
        
        band promoted violence, hateful sentiments, religiously offensive content
      - Limiting import of foreign movies and control of release dates in China
        
        distributed through Chi state-owned cinema businesses
        
        83% of movies locally produced
        15% make up foreign movies
        
        impose legal quotas on foreign entertainment to protect domestic cultural industry and economy
    - - south korean diplomats perform cover of award-winning Indian song 'Naatu Naatu'
        
        celebrate 50 years of diplomatic ties
        
        show that as Indian culture gets more popular in South Korea
        
        South Koreans also love Indian culture
    - - concerns raised by individuals/communities may prompt gov response
        
        E.g
      - Gov response shape values and beliefs of individuals/communities by how far they reject/embrace foreign influences
  - - - K-pop culture gain massive/rapid fame
        
        receive backlash from Japanese locals
        
        concern over how Korean influence/ threaten/ dilute JP cultuure/ cultural businesses
        
        JP do not buy Korean products
        
        Major JP websites that promote Korean culture have seen dramatic declines in no. of visitors
    - - individuals/ communities choose to actively consume foreign cultural products and embrace ideas, values, beliefs they promote
        
        Observed in response to countries/businesses
        
        teen comedy on Netflix 'To All the Boys I've Loved Before'
        --> rise in interest in Yakult, drink featured in show