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INDIAN OIL CORPORATION ltd, distribution + pricing + margins …

- - - - Storage system
        
        Between transport stages:
        Large storage depots , Strategic reserves
        Purpose: Ensure uninterrupted supply, Handle demand fluctuations
      - Last-mile delivery (Depot → Petrol pump)
        
        Road tankers
        Tanker trucks deliver fuel to: Petrol pumps , LPG distributors This is: Most flexible But most expensive per unit
      - Refined Products Transport (Refinery → Depots)
        
        Coastal shipping
        Moves fuel between ports
        Example: Gujarat → South India
        
        Railways
        Used where pipelines don’t reach T
        ank wagons carry fuel across states
        
        Pipelines (MOST IMPORTANT)
        IOCL has India’s largest pipeline network (~20,000+ km)
        Used for: Petrol Diesel LPG
        Why: Low cost,Safe, Efficient
      - Crude Oil Transport (Import → Refinery)
        
        Then pipelines
        From port → refinery
        Why pipelines: Cheapest Continuous flow
        
        By Sea (major)
        Large oil tankers bring crude to Indian ports Ports: Gujarat, Paradip, Chennai, etc