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Endocrine System Andrea Hernandez Period 3 - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine System Andrea Hernandez Period 3
Major Functions of Endocrine System
controls regulation of cellular metabolism & energy balance
controls mobilization of body defenses
controls maintenance of electrolyte, water, and nutrient balance of blood
controls growth and development
controls reproduction
Diseases Associated with Endocrine System
hyperthyroidism: weight loss, rapid heartbeat, nervousness
cushing syndrone:moon face, weight gain, high blood pressure
hypothyroidism:weight gain, tiredness, slow metabolism
addison disease:weakness, low blood pressure, weight loss
diabetes mellitus:high blood sugar, thirst, frequent urination
dwarfism: short stature
gigantism: excessive height and growth
Homeostatic Mechanisms of Hormone Regulation (-/+ feedback)
negative feedback: the hormone’s effects reduce or stop further hormone release to maintain normal levels
high blood glucose causes release of insulin, and once glucose returns to normal, insulin secretion decreases.
positive feedback : the hormone’s effects increase further hormone release until a specific event is completed
example: during childbirth o xytocin increases uterine contractions, which stimulates even more oxytocin release
Major Endocrine Glands/Organs & Functions (hormones produced, functions, & target organs)
thyroid gland: regulates energy levels, growth and body temp.
T4= thyroxine supports development and helps control body temp.
CT= calcitonin helps regulate blood calcium levels
T3= thriiodothyronine increases metabolism, boost energy, support growth
thymus gland: matures T-lymphocytes and uses hormone T: which stimulates T cell maturation and boost overall response
pituitary gland: "master gland" that functions on growth, metabolism, reproduction and water balance
posterior hormones
ADH(antridiuretic hormone): it controls water balance, kidneys reabsorb water
Oxytocin: it creates urine contractions & milk ejections (it uses positive feedback)
anterior hormones
GH (growth hormone): stimulates growth/cell reproduction
TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone): promotes thyroid gland growth
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone): triggers adrenal cortex to release cortisol
FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone): stimulates egg productions in females & sperm production in males
LH ( luteinizing hormone): triggers ovulation & estrogen/progesterone in females & stimulates testosterone production in males
PRL(prolactin):stimulates mammary gland growth & milk production
parathyroid gland: regulates calcium levels in the blood and hormone being used is PTH= controls bone health, nerve function, and muscle contraction
hypothalamus: main link between nervous & endocrine system, it controls pituitary using releasing/inhibiting hormones & it regulates huger, thirst, body temp.
pineal gland: produces and secretes hormone of melatonin to regulate the body's circadian rhythm
pancreas gland: crucial for digestion and blood sugar regulation
INS (insulin): lowers blood glucose levels by aiding absorption into cells and promoting energy
GLUC (glucagon): raises blood glucose levels by triggering liver to release steroid glucose
adrenal gland: immune system, blood pressure, and stress responses
adrenal cortex
aldosterone:controls salt and water balance
cortisol:helps body respond to stress
androgen: contribute to development of sex characteristics
adrenal medulla
epinephrine:"fight or flight” response
norepinephrine:narrows blood vessels and increases blood pressure during stress
ovaries gland : estrogen & progesterone: female reproduction & menstrual cycle
testes gland: testosterone: male reproductive and secondary sex characteristics.
Steroid VS. Non-steriod Hormones
steroid hormones: fat-soluble hormones that enter cells and directly affect genes
estrogen:regulates female reproductive system
progesterone:prepares uterus for pregnancy and helps maintain pregnancy
cortisol:helps body respond to stress
aldosterone:controls salt and water balance
testosterone:develops male characteristics
non-steroid hormones: water-soluble hormones that bind to cell surface receptors and act through second messengers
growth hormone:stimulates body growth and cell repair
ADH:helps kidneys conserve water
glucagon:raises blood glucose when sugar is low
insulin:lowers blood glucose by helping cells absorb sugar
epinephrine:"fight or flight” response
thyroxine: regulates metabolism and energy use