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Ecology - Coggle Diagram
Ecology
Community Ecology
Species Interactions
Herbivory. Ex. deer & plants
Mutualism. Ex. bees & flowers
Predation. Ex. lion & zebra
Commensalism. Ex. barancles on whale
Competition. Ex. plants competiting for light
Parasitism. Ex. tick on dog
Trophic Structure
Energy Flow- 10% energy transfer rule
Keystone Species- disproportionate impact on ecosystem
Trophic Levels
Primary consumers
Tertiary consumers
Primary producers
Secondary consumers
Food Chains & Food Webs
Disturbance & Succession
Disturbance
Fire, storms, human activity
Ecological Succession
Primary- no soil (bare rock)
Secondary- soil already present
Biological Factors
Geography
Latitude
Climate
Island size & distance
Pathogens & Community Structure
Disease affects pop. size & interactions
Regulate dominant species
Population Ecology
Pop. Structure
Population- same species in an area
Demographics
Death rate (mortality)
Life Tables
Birth rate (natality)
Survivorship Curves
Type II (ex. birds)
Type III (ex. fishes)
Type I (ex. humans)
Dispersion Patterns
Uniform
Random
Clumped
Pop. Growth Models
Exponential Growth
dN/dt = rN
Resources are unlimited
J-shaped curve
Rapid Growth
Logistic Growth
dN/dt = rN(1-N/K)
Growth slows as pop. approaches carrying capacity (K)
S-shaped curve
Life History Strategies
Trade-offs in survival & reproduction
k-selected
High parental care
Long lifespan (ex. humans)
Few offsprings
r-selected
Short lifespan (ex. insects)
Low parental care
Many offsprings