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PHYSICS ATOMIC STRUCTURE - Coggle Diagram
PHYSICS ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Atomic structure
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they also contain a nucleus which has a radius of 1/10,000 the radius of an atom and almost all the mass is concentrated in the nucleus
nucleus contains a positively charge particle called protons and neutrons with a neutral charge and the nucleus has a positive charge
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energy levels that are future than the nucleus have higher energy than a energy levels closer to the nucleus
if an atom absorbs electromagnetic radiation, an electron can move from a lower energy level to a higher energy level. the atom then omits the electromagnetic radiation and the electron returns back to its original lower energy level
Atomic and mass numbers
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all atoms that are the same element have the same amount of protons e.g sodium has 11 and If an atom docent have 11 protons then it is not sodium
protons have a + charge while atoms have no charge due to the electron being = to the number of protons - charges cancel out
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Radioactivity
some isotopes have unstable nucleuses and to become stable they give out radiation - this is called radioactive decay
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Activity - this is the rate at which a source of an unstable nuclei decay - this is measured in becquerels (Bq). 1 Bq = one decay per sec
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Properties of Alpha, Beta and Gamma Radiation
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when radiation collides with atoms, that can cause atoms to lose electrons and become ions
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Nuclear Equations
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alpha decay - can be represented as the symbol for helium - atomic number = 2 and the mass number = 4
during alpha decay, the atomic number decreases by 2 and the mass number decreases by 4
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in beta decay the mass number does not change as the number of protons and neutrons stay the same, the atomic number increase by one
gamma decay - both atomic and gas number are not changed as it is a form of electromagnetic wave and not a particle
Half life
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this can also mean the amount of time it takes of the count rate from a sample containing a isotope to fall to half its initial level
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