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Community Ecology - Coggle Diagram
Community Ecology
Diversity and Trophic Lvls
Species diversity
Community /variety of diff organism that make up community
Species Richness
Number of diff species in evnironment
Relative Abundance
Proportion of each species represents of all individuals in the community
Shannon Diversity Index
measures ecological diversity by combining species richness (number of species) and evenness (relative abundance)
Biomass
Total mass of all organisms ina habitat
Trophic Structure
Transfer of chemical energy from its source in plants to other trophs
Food Chain
Movement of energy moves in Trophic levels
Food Web
Accurate grp of food chain linked together of all consumers, producers from environment
Foundation Species
Strong effect on community which results in large size or high abundance
Keystone Species
Not usually abundant but exert a strong control on community structure; pivotal ecological role
Top-Down
Abundance of organism affected by consumers at higher Trophic vlvls
Bottom-down
Abundance of organism at each Trophic lvl limited by nutrients or resources
Interactions Bn Species
Interspecific Interactions
Commensalism
(+,0)
beaver -> dam / bird nest -> tree
Mutualism
(+,+)
Factors are increased for both in the presence of each other
Positive Interactions
Competition
(-/-) individuals opp species each use resources that limit the other
Weeds -> garden
Predation
(+,-)
for survival and reproductive factors for predator and - for prey
Ecological Niche
Set of biotic and abiotic resources that organism uses in their environment
Resource Partitioning
Diff of niches that enables similar species to coexist in a community
Realized Niche
Niche it actually occupies
Fundamental Niche
Potentially occupied niche by species
Character Displacement
Tendency for characteristics to diverge more in sympatric than in allopatric populations
Exploitation
(+,-)
One species benefits from feeding on other species
Parasitism, herbivore, predation
Adaptive Defenses
Cryptic
Camouflage
Aposematic
Coloration warning -> poison frog
Chemical
Skunk
Batesian Mimicry
Harmless species mimics behaviors of a harmful one
Mechanical
Porcupine
Mullerian Mimicry
Two diff species mimic appearance of harmful one
Parasitism
Endo
Ecto
Parasite uses host for resources
(+,-)
Disturbance Influences
Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis
Mod lvls of disturbance foster greater species diversity than high or low lvl of disturbance
Ecological Succession
Secondary
Starts from no life but good soil -> fast
Forest fire
Flood
Primary
Start from no life to gradual life (slow)
Retreating glacier
Volcanoes Eruption
Biogeo Factors Affect Community Diversity
Latitudes
Evapotranspiration
Evaporation of water from soil and plants
Equilibrium Model
Based on limited size and isolation
Reach at rate @ which species immigration = rate of species extinction
Pathogens Affect on Community
Zoonotic pathogens
Transferred from animals to humans
Humans are source for vector to help spread disease