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GLOBAL SYSTEMS - Coggle Diagram
GLOBAL SYSTEMS
ANTARCTICA
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antarctic convergence
convergence and upwell- brings nutrients to surface- biologically rich- phytoplankton increase + arctic winds
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NEGATIVE FBL- acidic seawater dissolve Calcium carbonate (chalk) =releases carbonate ions = negative feedback - weak argument (mostly igneous rock)
commission for the conservation of Antarctic marine living resource- 1982 Greenpeace and WWF ecosystems based approach sustainable harvesting VME's (hydrothermal vents and cold corals) protected regulating bottom fishing to protect benthic environment
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Antarctic treaty system- lack of sovereignty makes ATS important 1959 12 nations now 53 honour based
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NGOs shift from observers to "shadow enforcers" pressure govs due to lack of centralized enforcement body
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COFFEE
reason for growth: population, developing LICs, cold coffee trends, TNCs, ready to drink products, social hubs
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Limitations: climate change, dependent on climate, caffine health risk, Coffee berry bora $500 million per year(pest), Tariffs USA 50% on Brazilian coffee
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Producers- southern hemisphere equatorial humid, hot rainforest- Congo/Indonesia/Brazil
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Race to the bottom: compete to cut wages labour regulation and environmental protection to attract TNCs
Fair trade- 1992 promote brands supports coffee farmers set minimum fair trade prices to prevent poverty, prohibit forced labour,
Fair trade premium- fund aims to help local communities communities in peru can now affoard computers machienary and schools
APPLE
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Marketing strategy: unified global strategy- minimalism occasioinal regional variation unified retail experience (genius bar)
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