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THE SECOND WORLD WAR - Coggle Diagram
THE SECOND WORLD WAR
THE BEGINNING OF THE WAR
Life in Britain: In 1939, many children were moved from cities to the countryside (evacuation) to keep them safe. People used underground stations as shelters during air raids.
Northern Europe: In 1940, Hitler invaded Norway and Denmark to secure iron ore (metal for weapons).
The Fall of France: Germany attacked Holland, Belgium, and France. British troops had to retreat from the beaches of Dunkirk.
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OPERATION SEA LION
Battle of Britain: Hitler wanted to invade Britain. In 1940, the German air force (Luftwaffe) fought the British air force (RAF) in the sky.
The Blitz: Hitler failed to win the air battle, so he started bombing London and other cities. This was called the "Blitz".
Royal Family: King George VI and Queen Elizabeth stayed in London to support the people during the bombings.
OPERATION BARBAROSSA
Attack on Russia: In June 1941, Hitler attacked the Soviet Union. He wanted to control the oilfields in the Caucasus region.
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AMERICA JOINED THE WAR
Pearl Harbor: In December 1941, Japan bombed the US fleet in Hawaii. Because of this, the United States entered the war.
Turning Points: In 1942, the US won the Battle of Midway. In North Africa, General Montgomery defeated the Germans at El-Alamein.
The End of the Axis: In 1943, the Allies landed in Sicily. The Germans were also defeated by the Soviet Union at Stalingrad. This was a major turning point.
New Technology: The Allies were helped by new inventions like radar, sonar, and the Enigma code-breaking computer.
OPERATION OVERLORD
D-Day: On June 6th, 1944, a huge military force arrived on the beaches of Normandy (France) to fight the Germans.
German Retreat: The Germans had to leave France, but they tried to fight back in Belgium during the "Battle of the Bulge" in December 1944.
Victory in the West: General Patton’s army helped defeat the German counter-attack. Then, the Allies entered Germany.
THE END OF THE WAR
Soviet Advance: The Soviet "Red Army" liberated many countries in Eastern Europe (like Poland and Hungary) and reached Germany.
The Fall of Hitler: On April 30th, 1945, Hitler committed suicide. Berlin fell shortly after, on May 2nd.
Yalta Conference: In February 1945, the leaders of the USA, Britain, and the Soviet Union met to decide the future of the world after the war.
Victory in Europe: The war in Europe officially ended on May 8th, 1945 (V-E Day).
Atomic Bombs: To finish the war against Japan, the USA dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945.
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