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Term 3, Term 4 - Coggle Diagram
Term 3
Text Structures
Cause & Effect
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Examples: consequences, problems & causes
Signal words: because, therefore, as a result, leads to
Compare & Contrast
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Examples: comparing teams, opinions, products
Signal words: like, similar to, unlike, however, whereas, instead
Description
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Examples: product info, travel places, policies
Signal words: for example, such as, in particular, because
Problem & Solution
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Examples: articles suggesting fixes, proposals
Signal words: problem is, solution, challenge, therefore
Question & Answer
What it is: A question is asked, then answered
Examples: FAQs, interviews, textbooks
Signal words: who, what, when, where, why, how
Sequence
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Examples: recipes, instructions, timelines
Signal words: first, next, then, finally, before, after
CER (Claim, Evidence, Reasoning)
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Example
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Reasoning: Sunlight helps plants make food, so without it they can’t grow well.
Quotes
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1. Direct Quotes:
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Example: She said, “Reading helps you learn new ideas.”
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2. Block Quotes:
What it is: long quote (usually 3-4+ lines), written in a separate block (no quotation marks)
Example:
Reading every day improves knowledge and vocabulary.
It also helps people understand different perspectives
and think more critically about the world.
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Thesis Surgery
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Example:
Weak: School uniforms are good.
Strong: Although some think uniforms limit self-expression, they benefit students because they reduce bullying n create equality.
E.P.L (Ethos, Pathos, Logos)
Ethos: Credibility
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Example: “As a doctor, I recommend this medicine.”
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Paraphrasing
What it is: Paraphrasing is rewriting someone else’s idea using your own words while keeping the same meaning.
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Term 4
Bias, Framing, Credibility : how information can influence what we think
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Example: “80% lean” vs “20% fat” (same thing, different feeling)
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Logical Fallacies
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1. Ad Hominem
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Example: “Don’t listen to her idea, she’s not smart!!”
2. Straw Man
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Example: “He wants less homework, so he must hate school.”
3. Slippery Slope
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Example: “If we allow phones, soon no one will study at all.”
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Rebuttal
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Example
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Rebuttal: Although contact sports can be risky, proper training, rules, and protective gear can help reduce injuries, and these sports also teach teamwork and confidence.