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Biopsychology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Many types of neurotransmitters exist, each fitting specific receptors like a lock and key.
      - They have specific roles (e.g. acetylcholine causes muscle contraction).
      - Neurotransmitters can be:
        
        Inhibitory (e.g. GABA) → make neurons less likely to fire.
        
        Excitatory (e.g. glutamate) → make neurons more likely to fire.
      - Dopamine can act as either excitatory or inhibitory depending on the situation.
- - - - Autonomic nervous system (ANS): controls automatic body functions like breathing, heart rate, digestion, and stress responses.
      - Somatic nervous system (SNS): controls voluntary muscle movement and processes sensory information.
- - - - SAM pathway (short-term):
        
        Activates sympathetic nervous system
        
        Adrenal medulla releases adrenaline
        
        Causes immediate effects (e.g. increased heart rate)
      - HPA axis (long-term):
        
        Involves hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal cortex
        
        Releases cortisol
        
        Provides sustained energy (e.g. glucose release)
      - After the threat passes, the parasympathetic nervous system calms the body, returning it to a resting (“rest and digest”) state.