Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Atlantic World - Coggle Diagram

- - - - BUT we know most about c16th Americas through archeology
      - Ancient American empires mostly relied on oral history-telling
      - The Aztec community after European encounters began to record things through writing
      - More material aside from archeology than we sometimes assume
      - The reason that local populations began writing was due to a conscious developing that the oral traditions were at risk of being lost
        
        They were too heavily reliant on memory
    - - Massive political upheaval locally amongst the Mayans
    - - Life did not change immediately
      - Upon the arrival of Europeans things began to change
        
        More recognisably after a few decades
  - - - European and ancient perspective of the colonisers considering themselves crusaders
    - - Eg. sugar plantations
      - European ideas applied to the New World
    - - 'New Antiquity'
      - The process of applying old categories to new experiences
        
        Enduring feature of this new experience as viewing the natives as 'savages'
        
        Resulting in a separation being established between the settlers and the locals
      - BUT this is exhibited alongside a fascination of the local cultures
    - - That different societies can be found at different stages in their development
      - BUT there was still a level of admiration and recognition
  - - - Desire for knowledge and what can be gained urged more Europeans to move west
      - Set the second wave of Atlantic connections
        
        Colonialism
      - Europeans began to compete with each other with the arrival or more and more from different countries over c17th
    - - As the Reformation took full swing
      - Changed the way they viewed the local Americans they encountered
    - - Settling in the west would boost the treasury
      - Settling in the west would generate wealth
    - - A new way of reaching Asia
      - New Europeans may not focus on the Caribbean, central, or South America
      - Focus on the north and subsequently landed in America
    - - Modelled themselves to an extent after the Spanish
      - Believed they had a different purpose to the Spanish in what they were trying to do
      - Brought about a while new print culture
      - Idea developed that the native Americans were a sort of ungodly innocent who were being corrupted by the Spanish
        
        This idea was informed by the Reformation
    - - Comparison between the use of weapons (native vs European)
      - The impact of the arrival of Europeans and their imported diseases
      - Introduction of new animals
      - Changed the way the natives were being considered over c17th
    - - Native women were initially considered to have extraordinary capacity to endure hardship and ease during childbirth
        
        However, they were very susceptible to the European diseases and resources
        
        Fed into the notion of 'other' people which became racialised
    - - Images circulated tracking technological progress of Europeans in the New World
    - - Francis Bacon and the Royal Society
        
        This accounts for the notion of technological advancements which get wrapped up in the idea of modern progress
        
        Myth of modernity that the Europeans convinced themselves
        
        Embodied by Benjamin Franklin
  - - - Displaced by force
    - - Transformed societies in the Americas
      - Provides an additional racial perspective
      - Transformed African societies in Africa
    - - Varying interpretations of this notion
      - Another layer to the story of the development of the Atlantic World
      - The notion of a type of 'double consciousness'
        
        Oppressed minorities see the world through 2 lenses
        
        Their own
        
        That of those in power
        
        The result of what was happening
        
        Also a strength by having more than one lense
    - - A way of containing and specialising labour for the one purpose of profit
      - Arguably different from other ways of thinking about labour
- - - - The majority coming as enslaved people
  - - - Key export goods were gold
        
        Taken from west African gold fields and enslaved people
      - Foreign traders purchased gold captures during it colonisation of the Americas
      - Traded into both the Americas and Europe
        
        Continuing the old Mediterranean trade
        
        Atlantic trade rapidly becoming more important
        
        Set context for Africa's position in the early modern Atlantic world
    - - A cultural trauma for African societies
      - Loss of labour power of western and Central African societies with the taking of slaves to the Americas
    - - Before 1640
        
        Africans chose when to engage with European traders
      - After 1640
        
        Western and Central African states grew incredibly dependent on foreign traders
        
        Due to rise in price of slave labour / increased demand for slaves
  - - - How the slave trade stimulated economic growth and developed capitalism
    - - This movement of people and impact on groups
        
        West African societies lost people
        
        America societies gained people
        
        Demographic shifts took place