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Viruses & Bacteria - Coggle Diagram
Viruses & Bacteria
Structure & Characteristics
Subtopic A — Viruses
Definition: Non-living infectious particles that require a host cell.
Details:
Contain DNA or RNA
Surrounded by a protein coat called capsid
Some have lipid envelope
No metabolism or organelles
Much smaller than bacteria
Example: Influenza virus, HIV, COVID-19 virus
Subtopic B — Bacteria
Definition: Living single-celled prokaryotic organisms.
Details:
No nucleus
Have cell wall and plasma membrane
Contain ribosomes and cytoplasm
Some move using flagella
Can survive independently
Example: E. coli, Streptococcus
Subtopic C — Major Differences
Definition: Viruses and bacteria differ in structure and life functions.
Details:
Viruses are nonliving
Bacteria are living cells
Viruses need host cells to reproduce
Bacteria reproduce independently
Antibiotics work only on bacteria
Example: Penicillin kills bacteria but not viruses
Reproduction & Genetics
Subtopic D — Viral Replication
Definition: Process by which viruses reproduce inside host cells.
Details:
Virus attaches to host
Injects genetic material
Uses host machinery to make copies
New viruses released from cell
Example: Bacteriophage infection cycle
Subtopic E — Lytic vs Lysogenic Cycles
Definition: Two methods of viral reproduction.
Details: Lytic cycle destroys host cell
Lysogenic cycle inserts viral DNA into host DNA
Example: Herpes virus lysogenic cycle
Subtopic F — Bacterial Reproduction & Gene Transfer
Definition: Bacteria reproduce and exchange genetic information.
Example: Drug-resistant bacteria (MRSA)
Disease, Treatment & Importance
Subtopic G — Viral Diseases
Definition: Diseases caused by viruses.
Details:
Spread through air, fluids, or contact
Cause flu, AIDS, COVID-19
Cannot be treated with antibiotics
Vaccines help prevent infection
Example: Influenza, HIV
Subtopic H — Bacterial Diseases
Definition: Diseases caused by harmful bacteria.
Details:
Some bacteria release toxins
Treated with antibiotics
Can infect lungs, skin, digestive system
Example: Tuberculosis, strep throat
Subtopic I — Beneficial Roles of Microorganisms
Definition: Microorganisms can also benefit humans and ecosystems.
Example: Yogurt bacteria, CRISPR technology