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microbial genetics - Coggle Diagram
microbial genetics
structure and flow of genetic info
DNA- composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
two strands run in opposite directions
base pairing follows Chargaff's rules
DNA-RNA-protein
links genotype to phenotype
transcription- rna polymerase binds to a promoter, mRNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction
translation- start codon is AUG, amino acids are joined by peptide bonds
mutations and gene transfers
mutations may be silent, harmful, or beneficial, mutagens include chemicals and radiation/UV light
transformation involves uptake of foreign DNA
transduction involves a virus (bacteriophage)
conjugation requires a fertility (F) plasmid
R plasmids provide resistance to antibiotics, some plasmids code for toxins
horizontal gene transfer - bacteria can share genes with other bacteria rather than just parent cell sharing, rise in antibiotic resistance
key terms
genetics is the study of heredity
genome is the genetic info of a cell
genes are made of DNA and code for proteins