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Post War Germany: Hitlers Rise to Power - Coggle Diagram

- - - - He became the party’s most able speaker and took charge of their propaganda. In February 1920, They announced a 25-point programme, calling for
        
        Unification of all German speakers, a Greater Germany
        
        End to non German immigration
        a ban on Jews being granted German citizenship
        IN 1920 the party changed their name to the Nazi party. To draw more support from working class. Hitler became leader the next year.
  - - - Inspired by Mussolini’s March on Rome, Hitler planned a coup(putsch) in munic. 2,000 armed nazi’s marched to the centre of Munich to seize power. 16 of which were killed by the army. Putsch collapsed quickly, Hitler was wounded and put on trial for treason, which came with the death penalty
      - Mein Kampf
        
        In February 1924 Hitler used the trial to campaign against the treaty of Versailles, winning sympathy from many, including judges. Sentences to five years in prison.
        Writing his autobiography in prison. Setting out his political belief
        -Aryan race was superior to all others
        -Jews were a threat to this purity of race
        -Propaganda must be used to win favour with masses
        -Lebensraum(‘living space’- the land that Germany would ‘’need’ to repopulate and control Europe) needed to be acquired in the east
        -Communism and socialism would destroy Germany and must be opposed
  - - - In the 1930 elections the Nazi Party won 107 seats, the second largest party. Due to economic collapse people favoured radical anti democratic parties. Favouring nazis to stop communism. Older voters seen Hitler as a someone capable of returning Germany to its previous glory. About 40% of the Nazi vote came from poorer workers who were promised jobs by the previous government, and female and young voters disproportionately supported Nazis. 25% of the Nazi vote coming from new young voters.
        By 1932 the Nazi party now held 230 seats. Their seats would weaken to 196 due to coalition parties.
        
        After Brüning was removed as Chancellor by President Hindenburg, Franz von Papen was appointed. Gaining Nazi support by lifting the ban on the SA, which allowed them to intimidate political rivals. This led to street brawls, almost 100 were killed in July 1932. So von Papen was sacked in favour of Von Schleicher. Who would promptly resign after not being allowed dissolve the Reichstag. After securing the majority party in 1932 Hitler demanded to be made chancellor, Hindenburg refused. Von Papen asked to be made Vice chancellor with Hitler as CHancellor, expecting to control him, which was passed.
        
        Joseph Goebbels declared ‘The German Revolution has begun’
  - - - The Night of the Long Knives
        
        On the night of 30th June/1st July, SS members murdered 400 political opponents, journalists and army generals. Von Schleicher, Ernst Röhm and Gregor Strasser were among the dead. Enabling the support of the German Army the Wehrmacht.
        
        Führer
        
        In August 1934 Hindenburg died. Hitler consolidated the positions of Chancellor and President, endorsed by 88% of the electorate, in which the SS and police enacted widespread intimidation and fraud.
        Hitler had unquestioned control over Germany, the Führer(leader) with al military persons declaring personal loyalty.
- - - - In March 1933 Joseph Goebbels was appointed Reich Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. Nazis would now control every aspect of media and culture.
        Promoted the idea that Germans were a ‘Herrenvolk’- a master race. Threatened by sub humans like the gay, disabled, Jewish and inferior races. Portraying Hitler as a powerful leader to restore Germanys greatness. The Swastika would become the official flag. Propaganda emphasised the need to expand and gain Lebensraum.
        By 1935 the Nazi party had over 5 million members
        
        Radios were used to spread Nazi ideals. Hiring directors like Leni Riefenstahl to produce movies glorifying Hitler and Nazism. Goebbels ordered production of Volksempfänger, cheap radios, to ensure all German people hear the messages.
        By 1939 German radio ownership was the highest in the world.
        
        Works that undermined the Nazi regime were banned. By 1939 2,500 writers had fled Germany. In 1933 Goebbels organised the first mass book burning of undesirable authors. Nazis denounced modern art as degenerate.
        
        in 1933 many teachers were removed from their job. By ‘37 all teachers had to belong to the Nazi Party. Education focused on racial science, obedience of state and anti semitic Nazified versions of history. Girls were groomed to become mothers of the future generations and boys reminded to join the army.
        The Hitler Youth became the only legal youth organisation.. in ‘30 the league of German Maidens was founded for German girls. It became law in ‘36 to be a part of these organisations.
- - - - Hitler had grown up Catholic but renounced it later in life. In 1933 aiming to reduce church wide influence he secured a Concordat with the Vatican. Forbidding clergy from taking political rolls and promising loyalty to the Reich., The Centre Party one of Hitlers remaining threats was forced to resolve.
        The Nazis would break the agreement, trying to seize control of German churches which caused the pope to denounce them. Pope Pius XII did not outwardly condemn the Nazis fearing persecution for German Catholics but tried to stop the persecution of Jews where he could.
        There was a campaign in opposition to the forced euthanasia held by Bishop Von Galen which was the largest protest movement against the Nazis
  - - - Antisemitism
        
        Central feature of Nazi Ideology, Jews accounted for less than 1% of the population, they became scapegoats for all of Germanys problems. Leading up to 1933 elections SA mobs attacked Jews and their businesses.
        After Hitlers rise, anti semitic laws were passed. Protests of Jewish bussinesses were held and they were banned from becoming teachers and judges. In 1935 they were banned from. The army. The Nuremberg laws then stripped them of citizenship. Jews would be forced to emigrate. In 1938 it became law for all Jews to carry ID cards.
        IN 37 Goebbels started a campaign called the eternal Jew, portraying jews as a dangerous threat. 400,000 people viewed the exhibit and it was followed by a book and movie.
        
        Kristallnacht
        
        November 7th 1938, Young Jew Herschel Grynzpan shot a German embassy official Ernst Von Rath in Paris. Two days later the Nazis called for a wave of attacks on the Jewish community in reprisal. The night became know as Kristallnacht, the night of the broken glass. Over 7,500 Jewish businesses were destroyed along with 200 synagogues. 30,000 Jewish men taken custody. 100 killed due to beatings. The Nazi community was then fined 1 billion marks for damages caused.Many Jews were forced out of their homes and their country which would further escalate in WW2 due to the holocaust.
  - - - Youth unemployment reduced because of the National Labour Front which required 6 months compulsory service, They would receive minimal wages, food and accommodation. IN 1935 military service was introduced to be compulsory. By 1934 unemployment had reduced to 3 million, by 1939 it had fallen to 100,000.
        Women were encouraged to give up their jobs ans stay at home to tend children. Given a medal and payment after having a child. Out of necessity they would be needed for jobs during the war. The Nazi economy had become very fragile by 1939 in funding all of these jobs
        
        Autarky
        
        In preparation of the war, Göring was selected to oversee Autarky, self sufficiency. Not relying on foreign imports of food and materials. The four year plan was released this goal , it aimed to increase agricultural output, control imports and exports, achieve self sufficiency through development of synthetic substitutes of raw materials, increase wages by 20% between 34 and 38, for German rearmament to increase profit of large industrialists. While it was largely successful it didnt make Germany self sufficient. By 1939 they still relied on imports of materials like oil and copper.
        Germanys economic growth was aided by the large number of Jews imprisoned or emigrated. Their jobs taken over by Nazis. Compared to Weimar Germany living standards had improved which helped maintain their regime.