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Pedro Munoz Period 3 Endocrine System - Coggle Diagram
Pedro Munoz Period 3 Endocrine System
Major functions of the endocrine system
reproduction: reproductive hormones, makes you attracted to the other gender to breed
growth and development: growth homone and GnRH releases LH and FSH triggering puberty giving testosterone and progesterone
Regulation of cellular metabolism and energy balance: thyroid gland; relates to hyper and hypothyroidism
Maintenance of electrolyte, water, and nutrient balance of blood: manages metabolism and kidneys, adrenal gland and thyroid
Mobilization of body defenses: helps immune system repair body by triggering hormones and adrenaline when needed
Diseases associated with the endocrine system
hypothyroidism: underactivity of thyroid gland causing slow metabolism and low energy
hyperthyroidism: over activity of thyroid gland speeding up metabolism, heart rate, causes tremors, and nervousness
gigantism: over production of growth hormone, gigantism can lessen life span and cause health problems
Dwarfism: under secretion of growth horemone, doesnt affect adults, keeps kids same height or keep short
diabetes type 2:under production of insulin
diabetes type 1: over production of insulin
Compare and contrast steroid vs. non-steroid hormones and list the hormones for each category
steroids
lipid soluble
slow effect and long lasting
receptor inside the cell
cortisol,aldesterone,testosterone,estrogen,progesterone
non steroids
water soluble
long effect but short lasting
receptor on surface of cell
epinephernine/norepinepherine,insulin/glucagon,GH,andtidiuretic homone,oxytocin,FSH
Homeostatic mechanisms of hormone regulation (negative and positive feedback)
positive feedback: keeps pumping hormones untill goal is achieved like oxytocin during childbirth, until the child is born
Negative feedback: when the hormone regulates just enough to keep a pendulum effect on functions in order to maintain homeostasis
Major endocrine glands/organs and their functions (separate by region/ body cavity)
Thyroid gland: anterior to trachea, produces thyroxine and tridothyronine
pineal gland, located in brain to maintain circadian rhythm, sleep schedule, releases melatonin
throat
parathyroid glands: small glands behind thyroid, produce PTH to increase calcium lvls
pituitary gland: below the hypothalamus releasing hormones like GH, TSH,FSH,LH, and Oxytocin
Thoracic
hypothalamus: base part of brain linking nervous and endocrine system and telling the pituitary gland what to do
thymus: upper thiracic, assist in T cells production before puberty and thymosin.thymulin, and thymopoietins to help development as a child
head
heart: ANP regulates blood pressure by decreasing sodium
abdominal
pancreas: behind stomach, produces insulin loweeing blood sugar and glucagon increasing blood sugar
adrenal glands: on top of each kidney woth cortisol and aldosterone in the cortex and epinepherine and norepinepherine in the medulla to manage stress, metabolism, and BP
kidneys: produce erythropoietin which stims RBC prod and renin, regs BP
Pelvic
Ovaries: on both sides of uterus and produce estrogen and progesterone for reproductive cycles and sec sex chars
Testes: in scrotum, produce testosterone and control sperm prod for males and sec sex chars