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Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Coggle Diagram
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
DNA is Genetic Material
Search for Genetic Material
Morgan's group founded genes on chromosomes consisted of proteins and DNA until Griffith was studying vaccine against bacteria
Griffith: discovered transformation: change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell
Griffith discovered that pathogenic living S cells killed mouse, nonpathogenic living R cells let mouse alive, heated-killed S cells let mouse alive, heated-killed S cells mixed with living R cells killed mouse
Virus are nonliving and consists of protein coat, genetic material and injects their material into host cell (bacteria)
Building a Structural Model of DNA
Scientists found out that DNA is in double helix shape
Scientists also found out DNA runs anti parellel frm 5' to 3' and 3' to 5'
Proteins for Replication and Repair
Base Pairing to a Template Strand
Research concluded that DNA replication is semiconservative, 2 new strands that are formed are called semi-conservative (each new strand has half parent strand and half new strand from DNA polymerase)
Research concluded that DNA replicates during the S phase of interphase, occurs to replace/ repair damaged cells and growth and development, replicates in the nucleus
DNA Replication
Each somatic cell has 46 chromosomes in it, base pairs A-T, C-G
Parts of DNA Replication
Topoisomerase- relaxes and unwinds DNA strand
DNA helicase- unzips the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bondsSingle stranded binding protein- stabilizes DNA
Eukaryotes- several replication bubbles occurring simultaneously
Prokaryotes- one replication bubble at a time
DNA Polymerase- only adds DNA bases in the 5’ to 3’ direction
RNA Primer/ primase- tells DNA polymerase where to begin adding DNA bases
Leading strand is not always on top, its based on the direction of where DNA polymerase adds bases
DNA lipase- adds DNA bases to connect the okazaki fragments
Proofreading and Repairing DNA
Mismatch repair: other enzymes remove and replace incorrectly paired nucleotides that have resulted from replication errors
Nuclease: DNA cutting enzyme
Replicating the ends of DNA molecules
Telomeres: special nucleotide sequences at end of DNA molecules, monitor DNA damage and postpone gene shortening
Telomerase: catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres in eukaryotic germ cells, thus restoring their original length and compensating for the shortening that occurs during DNA replication
Chromosome
DNA packaged into chromosomes
Eukaryotic chromosome contains a single linear DNA double helix
DNA condensely combined with chromatin (protein)
Chromatin changes
Euchromatin: less compacted, more dispersed interphase chromatin
Heterochromatin: more compacted, denser-appearing
