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Digestive & Urinary System - Coggle Diagram
Digestive & Urinary System
Layers of the GI tract
From inside to outside:
Mucosa
secretion + absorption
Submucosa
blood vessels + nerves
Muscularis
movement/peristalsis
Serosa
outer covering
Stomach extra layer:
Oblique layer
helps churning
Major organs of the urinary systems
Major Organs + functions
Kidneys→ filter blood
Urinary bladder → stores urine
Urethra → releases urine
Ureters → Carry urine to bladder
Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
Digestive Disorders
GERD
Ulcer
Gallstones
Constipation
Diarrhea
Crohn’s disease
IBS
Appendicitis
Hepatitis
Urinary Disorders
UTI
Kidney stones
Kidney failure
Incontinence
Glomerulonephritis
Diabetes insipidus
Causes:
infection
dehydration
poor diet
genetics
location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Carbohydrates
Digestion:
starts in mouth
continues in small intestine
Absorption:
small intestine
Proteins
Digestion:
starts in stomach
continues in small intestine
Absorption:
small intestine
Lipids (Fats)
Digestion:
mostly in small intestine
Help from:
bile from liver/gallbladder
Enzyme:
lipase
Absorption:
small intestine
Nucleic Acids
Digestion:
small intestine
Enzyme:
nuclease
Absorption:
small intestine
Nephron anatomy and physiology
Structures:
Glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Process:
1. Filtration
blood filtered in glomerulus
2. Reabsorption
good stuff returns to blood
water, glucose, ions
3. Secretion
extra wastes added
4. Excretion
urine leaves body
Digestive enzymes
Mouth
Salivary amylase→ breaks starch into sugars
Stomach
Pepsin→ breaks proteins into peptides
Pancreas
Pancreatic amylase→ carbs
Trypsin→ proteins
Lipase→ fats
Nuclease→ nucleic acids
Small intestine
Maltase→ maltose to glucose
Lactase→ lactose to simple sugars
Sucrase→ sucrose to simple sugars
Peptidase→ peptides to amino acids
Major functions of the digestive system
Ingestion → taking in food
Digestion → breaking food down + Helps maintain homeostasis
Mechanical digestion → chewing, churning
Chemical digestion → enzymes break food apart
Absorption → nutrients (provide energy) move into blood
Elimination → removing solid waste
Major functions of the urinary system
Removes nitrogen wastes
Uric acid
Creatinine
urea
Regulates water balance
Controls blood pressure
Maintains pH balance
Balances electrolytes
Produces urine
Major organs of the digestive system
Main organs:
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus
Accessory organs:
Salivary glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Teeth
Tongue