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autonomic nervous system, reversible AChE inhibitors- physostigmine=…
autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system, or ANS, controls involuntary body functions.
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afferent fibres: carry information to the CNS and efferent fibres= carry information away from the CNS
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In both sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia; neurotransmitter= acetylcholine, or ACh receptor= nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
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Sympathetic system
Main neurotransmitter = noradrenaline, or NA.
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Muscarinic receptors are GPCRs they are slower than nicotinic receptors they produce effects through intracellular signalling
main subtypes:
M1
Found in neurones, CNS and ganglia.
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cholinomimetics= drugs that copy parasympathetic activity. they make the body act more like it is in rest and digest mode
work 2 ways: 1.directly activate muscarinic receptors 2. increase acetycholine ACh, by stopping its breakdown
direct muscarinic agonists- these drugs directly stimulate muscarinic receptors for example Bethanechol helps bladder and gut move, pilocarpine= helps drain fluid from eyes, muscarine= mushroom poisoning muscarinic agonist
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors- stop ACh being broken down, parasympathetic effect increase
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cholinomimetic overdoes- means too much parasympathetic activity. Too much ACh= wet,slow, tight and overactive gut
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sympathetic nervous system mainly uses noradrenaline which acts on adrenoceptors. its synthesis Tyrosine → L-DOPA → dopamine → noradrenaline → adrenaline.
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reversible AChE inhibitors- physostigmine= reverses too much atropine and neostigmine= boosts ACh to improve muscle, gut and bladder activity