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Bangladesh Floods - Case Study P1 - Coggle Diagram
Bangladesh Floods - Case Study P1
Flood risks and Influences
Tibet and Himalayas - Ice melt and springs feeding into the Brahmaputra.
Ganga Plain - One of the largest lowlands areas in the world, intense cultivation.
Meghalaya Hills - Located between the floodplain of north-east Bangladesh and the Indian lowlands of Assam.
Rise to a height of 2500m, act as a barrier against Monsoon winds, high annual rainfall of 11000mm.
Ganges and the Brahmaputra are the two largest rivers in the world by catchment size.
Causes of flooding
Rivers - Himalayas
Monsoon rains, ice-melt, high river discharge, topography, deorestation.
Rivers - Indian Floodplain
Monsoon rains, high river discharge, embankments, farakka barrage, fllods.
Bangladesh Influences
Flat topography, low channel gradient, high river discharge, riverbank erosion, impermeable soil, high tides, soil saturation.
Impacts of Flooding
20% of the population is at risk of lateral erosion.
Loss of land and agriculture.
Food shortages.
Flood management
Raised platforms, rice being flood-resistant, some flood lag time (3 days).
Levees around the river, but can deposit into the river bed.
Over 10,000km of levees present.
Flood Action Plan - Improve forecasting, protect densely populated areas, build large-scale engineering works.
General Info
Bangladesh is a small & flat country (less than 6m above sea level).
Extremely high population and density at 150m+.
Ganga, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers meet. It drains an area 12x its own size.
Alternating Intensity
More intense floods in the 18th and 19th century.
No evidence of increasing flood amount, increasing extent however.
Increased Monsoon rain intensity.