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3.2 environmental tactics - Coggle Diagram
3.2 environmental tactics
CPTED
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
C. Ray Jeffery
alter spaces to reduce opportunities for crime
influences deviant behvaiour
core principles
physical security
gates, locks, alarms etc
surveillance
low hedges, CCTV, good lighting
movement/ access control
restrict access to spaces
e.g keycard entry
management and maintance
clean- signal intolerance for crime
defensible space
ownership = care enough to deter crime
e.g low fences
birmingham bullring market
previously had narrow alleyways, poor lighting and little surveillance- prone to crime
CPTED redesign
improved natural surveillance
better access control
stronger territorial reinforcement
regular maintanence
significant crime drop
how does it achieve social control?
internal social control
well maintained public spaces
crime and disorder isn't tolerated
clear territorial boundaries
ownership and responisibility
discourage ASB
external social control
natural surveillance
deterrent
access control
physical prevention of authorised access
strengths
proactive crime prevention
Ohio
CPTED initiative led to a 12-13% crime reduction
improves quality of life
safer, well maintained spaces enhance overall well-being
research by Brown and Altman
weaknesses
limited effectiveness
doesnt prevent all crimes
e.g cyber, organised crime
risk of displacement
relocate crime elsewhere
high cost
implementation is expensive
gated lanes
installed at entrances of rear alleyways
deter burglars
before them
unprotected alleyways were routes for criminals
burglary
fly tipping
drug dealing
april 1st 2006
gave local authorities power to erect gates
example
Preston, Lancashire
burglaries fell up to 50%
significant decrease of drug use and fly tipping
felt safer and more in control
cardiff
2008
council installed over 200
benefitted 7,000 properties
effect
drop of anti social beh
report better quality of life
safer spaces for kids to play
reduction in fly tipping