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Ecology Part 1, Temperature: - Coggle Diagram
Ecology Part 1
Animal Behavior
Innate Behavior: genetically programmed from birth Ex: baby sea turtles immediately head towards the sea
Fixed Action Pattern: a series of actions taken to completion, triggered by a specific stimulus Ex A Goose pulling egg-shaped objects into its nest
Imprinting: During a critical young time, a stimulus occurs. Ex: Baby geese following the first thing they see
Associative Learning: Animal associates behavior with stimulus Ex: Bears associate a specific sound with meat powder.
Trail & Error: Attempting different things until a solution is found Ex: Crows deliver coins into a box to receive food
Habituation: Stimuli repeat until an organism eventually ignores it Ex: Prairie dogs stop screaming when predators arrive due to human interaction
Observational Learning: Giving an animal a problem to solve Ex: Monkey learns to stack boxes to reach a high elevated food reward
Major Motivations
- Reproduction- Ex: A male Siberian hamster scuttles in response to detecting the females' pheromones
- Foraging- Ex: The alligator snapping turtle has a wiggly tounge that lures fish in
- Sexual Selection: The male bower bird collects blue objects that attracts a female
- Altruism- Ex: Vampire bats provide blood for bats who did not get a meal to increase inclusive fitness
Terrestrial Biomes: 
Climo graphs: used to show the correlation between temperature/ precipitation with particular biomes
Characteristics: Major physical geological factors, climatic factors, or predominant vegitation
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Aquatic Biomes
Characteristics: Physical environment, light penetration, temperature, & community structure
Zonation: 1. Photic Zone (sufficient light), 2. aphotic zone (little light penetration, 3. pelagic zone (photic+aphotic), 4. abyssal (2,000-6000 m), 5. benthic (bottom of all previous aquatic zones)
Thermocline: a narrow layer of abrupt temperature change that separates warm upper layers of water from cold layers
Turnover: oxygenated water is sent from a lakes surface to the bottom where nutrient-rich water is sent to the surface
Evolution & Environment
Dispersal: individual gametes move away from areas of origin or high concentration Ex. The cattle Egret went from Africa & SW Europe to NE South a. by crossing the Atlantic ocean
Natural Range Expansion: When animals reach a range that they have not reached before, this can lead to adaptive radiation (rapid evolution of an ancestral species)
Biotic Factors: these alter the ability for a species to reproduce by interactions with predators or herbivores. Ex. The long spined urchin decreases the amount of established seaweed populations
Abiotic Factors: Temperature, water, salinity, oxygen, sunlight, or soil are factors the vary substantially over space & time
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