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chapter 51, Chapter 52 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - inherited → does not require learning
    - - behaviors increase fitness → selected over time
- - - - how behavior occurs → neural, hormonal mechanisms
    - - why behavior occurs → evolutionary advantage
    - - triggered by sign stimuli
      - example → innate, automatic responses
- - - - decreased response to repeated stimulus
    - - learning during critical period → often irreversible
    - - classical conditioning → association between two stimuli
      - operant conditioning → behavior linked to reward/punishment
    - - problem solving → uses past experience
- - - - maximize energy gain → minimize cost
    - - sexual selection → traits increase reproductive success
      - courtship → attracts mates
    - - reduces individual fitness → benefits others
    - - helping relatives → increases genetic success
- - - - climate change → rising global temperatures
      - deforestation → habitat loss
      - pollution → affects ecosystems
    - - gases trap heat → warm Earth
    - - sustainable practices → protect ecosystems
      - biodiversity preservation → maintains ecosystem stability
- - - - determined by → solar energy and atmospheric circulation
    - - warm air rises → cool air sinks
    - - redistribute heat → influence climate
    - - mountains → rain shadows
      - bodies of water → moderate temperature
- - - - tropical forests → high rainfall, biodiversity
      - deserts → low precipitation
      - savannas → seasonal rainfall
      - temperate grasslands → moderate rainfall
      - temperate forests → seasonal changes
      - coniferous forests → cold, evergreen trees
      - tundra → cold, permafrost
    - - freshwater → lakes, rivers
      - marine → oceans, coral reefs
- - - - rivers/streams → flowing water
      - wetlands → high productivity
      - lakes → standing water
    - - oceans → largest biome
      - coral reefs → high biodiversity
      - estuaries → mix of salt and freshwater
    - - light penetration → affects photosynthesis
      - nutrient availability → limits productivity