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Mendel & the Gene Idea and Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance - Coggle…
Mendel & the Gene Idea and Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Mendel
Character
a heritable feature that varies among individuals function to identify and compare different organisms.
Trait
each variant for a character, purple or white plant function as giving the ability to organisms to survive,reproduce and adapt to their own different environment.
True breeding
plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self pollinate function as consistently producing offspring with identical purebred traits.
Hybridization
Mated two contrasting, pure-breeding varieties function as crossing distinct organisms to combine traits.
P-Generation
True breeding parents
F1 Generation
The hybrid offspring of the P generation are called the F1 generation.
F2 Generation
When F1 individuals self-pollinate or cross-pollinate with other F1 hybrids, the F2 generation is produced
Mendel's Model
Alleles
These alternatives versions of a gene, functions as the fundamental drivers of genetic diversity.
Dominant Allele
if the two alleles at a locus differ,than one,the dominant allele,determines the organism's appearance functions as producing functional proteins that mask or override the effects of recessive genes.
Recessive Allele
The other, the recessive allele,has no noticeable effect on appearance,functions as allows genetic diversity,facilitates evolution.
The law of segregation
the two alleles for a heritable character separate (segregate) during gamete formation and end up in different gametes,ensures genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms by requiring that paired alleles separate during gamete formation(meiosis) .
The Punnett Square
Possible combinations of sperm and egg can be shown,functions as to predict the potential genotype and phenotype outcomes of a genetic cross between two parents.
Homozygote
an organism with two identical alleles for a gene,functions as ensuring the consistinate expression of specific traits.
Homozygous
for the gene controlling that character,functions as ensuring the consistent expression of specific traits.
Heterozygote
An organism with two different alleles for a gene,functions as increasing genetic diversity
Heterozygous
the gene controlling that character, key driver of genetic diversity and evolutionary adaptation
Basis Of Sex
Sex-linked gene
A gene that is located on either sex chromosome,functions as controlling traits through specific inheritance patterns.
X-linked
genes
Genes on the X chromosome,functions as brain development, cognitive function, and cellular metabolism.
Linked Genes
Genes that are located on the same chromosome
tend to be inherited together, functioning as maintaining parental trait combinations in offspring, reducing genetic recombination
Genetic recombination
the production of offspring with combinations of traits different from either parent,functions as driving evolution by creating new allele combinations, and repairs damaged DNA especially double-strand breaks
Parental Types
Offspring with a phenotype matching one of the parental (P) phenotypes, functions as maintaining genetic stability across generations.
Recombinant Types
Offspring with nonparental phenotypes,fucntioing as generating genetic diversity, and facilitating evolution through new gene combinations.
Maps
Genetic map
an ordered list of the
genetic loci along a particular chromosome,function as identifying the location of genes responsible for traits and inherited diseases.
Linkage map
is a genetic map of a chromosome
based on recombination frequencies,fucntions as shows the relative positions of genes or genetic markers on a chromosome based on recombination frequency, not physical distance
Map units
Distances between genes can be expressed,functions to measure the relative distance between genes on a chromosome based on recombination frequency.