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Alterations in Ventilation and Diffusion - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Bronchoconstriction
      - Inflammation of airway
      - IgE hypersensitivity
      - Smoke, dust, mold
      - Excess mucus production
      - Exercise induced
    - - wheezing
      - Respiratory distress
      - PEFR <80%
      - Pulsus paradoxus, PPV >12
    - - Bronchodilators (albuterol)
      - Anti-inflammatory
  - - - Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT)
      - Panacinar
      - Chronic smoking
      - Centriacinar
      - Signs/symptoms
        
        Barrel chest
        
        loss of elasticity
        
        CO2 retention
        
        decreased O2 intake
        
        Air trapping
        
        pursed lip breathing
        
        FEV1 <30%
        
        FET >6 seconds
      - treatment
        
        AAT
        
        Danazol or tamoxifen
        
        IV or inhaled exogenous AAT
        
        Bronchodilators
        
        Steroid anti-inflammatory
        
        Supplemental O2
    - - signs/symptoms
        
        persistent cough >3mths x 2years
        
        excess mucus production
        
        prolonged FET
        
        Reduced FEV1
        
        polycythemia
        
        wheezing
        
        prolonged expiratory
      - chronic injury to bronchi/bronchioles
        
        inflammation
        
        pulmonary edema
        
        hyperplasia of mucus glands
        
        destruction of cilia
        
        Squamous cell metaplasia
        
        narrowing of airway
      - treatment
        
        Smoking cessation
        
        Bronchodilators
        
        steroid anti-inflammatory
        
        supplemental O2
- - - - Decreased P/F ratio (<150)
      - Reduced PaO2 (<60)