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Calcium - Coggle Diagram

- - - - binds to receptors on neural cells to generate action potential
- - - - active transport
      - saturable
      - regulated by calcitriol
    - - non-regulated and not saturable
  - - - main homeostasis mechanism
- - - - lactose
      - sorbitol
  - - - forms insoluble complexes
    - - non-fermentable
        
        decreases transit time = less time for absorption
        
        cellulose
      - fermentable
        
        used by microbes in the colon
        
        released after fermentation in the colon
        
        pectin
    - - increases secretion in the gut
    - - low solubility
- - - - stimulates the release of PTH from parathyroid gland
        
        PTH goes to the bone and kidneys
        
        bone
        
        increases osteoclast activity
        
        bone resorption to release calcium
        
        kidney
        
        increase calcium reabsorption
        
        helps activate vitamin D
        
        goes to intestines to increase calcium absorption
    - - inhibits PTH release and calcitriol activity
  - - - Ca ATPase on cells allows entry of calcium into the cell
      - release from organelles
    - - inhibits flux into cells
      - sends calcium back into organelles
- - - - lower intakes and absorption
      - lower expression of calcium absorption related proteins
    - - lower estrogen and calcidiol
        
        needed for expression of CaT1 and calbindin
  - - - osteoporosis
      - osteomalacia
      - rickets
    - - increased contraction with no relaxation
      - tetany