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Coronary Artery Disease - Coggle Diagram
Coronary Artery Disease
Etiology
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Primary causes + risk factors: CAD usually happens when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, causing them to narrow and reduce oxygen-rich blood flow to the heart muscle. This process is called atherosclerosis.
Non-modifiable factors:
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Sex, with risk patterns changing by age and menopause status
Clinical Presentation
Symptoms
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Pain that may spread to the neck, jaw, arms, shoulders, or back
Fatigue, especially with activity
Signs:
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Signs of poor oxygenation or reduced circulation, such as sweating or pallor
In severe cases, evidence of heart attack or heart failure may appear
Diagnostic Methods:
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Blood tests such as cholesterol, blood sugar, and sometimes cardiac markers if a heart attack is suspected
Treatment Approaches
Lifestyle changes: heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, weight management
Medications: statins, antiplatelet drugs like aspirin, beta blockers, nitrates, or blood pressure medicines
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Prognosis and Outcomes: CAD often develops gradually over many years and symptoms may worsen as plaque continues to build up. It can lead to complications such as heart attack, arrhythmias, heart failure, or death if not managed.
Classification: CAD is generally considered chronic, manageable, and progressive. It is usually not curable, but it can often be controlled with treatment and lifestyle changes.