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Chapter 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance
DNA Can Transform Bacteria
Transformation
Mixing a pathogenic strain with living cells that have the harmless strain
DNA Can Program Cells
Bacteriophage
Viruses that infect bacteria
Virus
DNA enclosed by a protective coat
Structural DNA
Double helix
Definition: Two strands of DNA
Antiparallel
Definition: Subunits run in opposite directions
DNA Replication
Definition: Copying of DNA
Semiconservative Model of Replication
Definition: When a double helix replicates, the daughter strand will have one old and one new strand
Origins of Replication
Definition: Two DNA strands are separated, creating a replication bubble
Replication Fork
Definition: Where parental DNA strands are unwound
Helicase
Definition: Enzyme that untwist the double helix at the replication forks
Single-strand Binding Proteins
Definition: Binds to and stabilizes single-stranded DNA
Topoisomerase
Definition: Breaks, swivels, and rejoins DNA strands
Telomeres
Definition: Special nucleotide sequences
Synthesizing a New DNA Strand
RNA Primer
Definition: Initial nucleotide chain
Primase
Definition: Synthesizes the RNA primer
DNA Polymerase
Definition: Enzyme that catalyzes the new DNA at replication fork
Leading Strand
Definition: Strand synthesized by DNA polymerase
Synthesis of the Leading Strand
Lagging Strand
Definition: New strand along with leading strand
Okazaki Fragments
Definition: Short sequences of DNA nucleotides
DNA Ligase
Definition: Joins the Okazaki fragments together
Repairing DNA
Mismatch pair
Definition: Repair enzymes replace incorrectly paired nucleotides
Nucleotide excision repair
Definition: Nuclease cuts out and replaces damaged DNA
Nuclease
Definition: Cuts and replaces damaged stretches of DNA
A chromosome consists of a
DNA molecule packed together with proteins
Chromatin
Definition: Proteins in a complex
Histones
Definition: Proteins responsible for main level of DNA packing
Nucleosome
Definition: Unfolded chromatin