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Overview of Immune System - Coggle Diagram
Overview of Immune System
immunity
susceptibility- lack of resistance to a disease
immunity- ability to ward off disease
innate immunity- defense against any pathogen
adaptive immunity - immunity or resistance to a specific pathogen
nonspecific innate immune response - first line, prevention infections, defense against wide range of potential pathogens, built in, not acquired over time/no memory, immediate, rapid response
defenses
physical - first line - intact skin, mucous membranes and secretions, normal microbiota
chemical
nonspecific cell derived mediators, broad spectrum antimicrobial properties
routinely or in presence of invading pathogen
plamsa protein mediators- electrolytes, sugars, lipids, proteins to maintain homeostasis, proteins involved in clotting blood, acute-phase proteins, complement proteins, and cytokines involved in nonspecific innate immune response
complement system- protective outcomes: opsonization, inflammation, chemotaxis, cytolysis
cytokines- interleukins, chemokine, interferons(antiviral defenses and apoptosis)
cellular- formed elements in blood
differential WBC count
neutrophils 60-70, basophils 0.5-1, eosinophils 2-4, monocytes 3-8, lymphocytes 20-25
emil von Behring 1901
1st nobel prize in medicine and physiology
studied diphtheria and tetanus
culture media contained toxin fatal to lab animal when injected
small dose, survive
serum from survivors would protect others if administered shortly after injecting toxin
B and T cells
T cells comet intracellular pathogens and cancer cells, specific, TCRs (T cell receptors)
develop from stem cells in bone marrow and mature in thymus to lymphoid tissues
must be processed by antigen presenting cells (APCs) to be recognized, include B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, bring antigen to T cell
T helper cells
CD4 receptors, binds to MHC class II on B cells and APCs
humoral immunity by producing eosinophils, cellular immunity with IgM and igE, activate macrophages T cytotoxic cells and natural killer cells
T cytotoxic
cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CD8 receptors to nucleated cells
recognizes and kills cells, non self cells can be altered by viral/bacterial infections, tumor, transplanted tissue
T regulator cells
5-10% of T cells
secrete cytokines IL10 to interfere with activation of T helper cell and suppress other T cell activity, modify inflammation, regulate response to organ rejection and autoimmune disease
antigen-antibody binding
angulation, opsonization, neutralization, activation of complement, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity