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Ch 16 - Coggle Diagram
Ch 16
16.2: Many proteins work together in DNA replication and repair
DNA replication-
DNA replicates during the S phase of interphase.
Replaced damaged cells/DNA.
x/or during growth and development.
occurs in the nucleus
DNA replication: 3 alternative models
Topoisomerase- releases+ unwinds DNA strands.
DNA helicase- unzips the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds.
Single-Stranded binding proteins- stabilizes the DNA
DNA polymerase- only adds DNA bases in the 5'-3' direction.
RNA Primer/Primase- tells DNA polymerase where to begin adding DNA bases
Leading strand- adds base in a cont. manner
Lagging strand- adds base in a discont. manner.
Okazaki fragments- located only on the lagging strand due to the 5'-3' polymerase activity.
DNA ligase- adds DNA bases to connect the Okazaki fragments
Eukaryotic chromosomal DNA molecules have special nucleotide sequences at their ends called telomeres.
Telomeres- postpones the erosion of genes near the ends of DNA molecules
16.3: A chromosome consists of a DNA molecule packed together with proteins
Eukaryotic cell, DNA is precisely combines with proteins in a complex called chromatin
Proteins called histones are responsible for the main level of DNA packing in interphase chromatin
lose packed chromatin- euchromatin
during interphase a few regions of chromatin (centromeres and telomeres) are highly condensed into heterochromatin
16.1: DNA is the genetic material
Viruses are called bacteriophages, or phages for short
The structure of a DNA structure
Thymine(T)-Adenine(A)
Guanine(G)- Cotosine(C)
