Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Digestive and Urinary System Nanami Terrell P.3 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive and Urinary System Nanami Terrell P.3
Major functions of the digestive system
Key functions
Absorption- nutrients enter blood/lymph (small intestines)
Digestion
mechanical - chewing
Chemical- enzymes break molecules
Elimination - removal of indigestible waste
Ingestion- taking food in
Processes
Secretion- enzymes, acids, bile being released
Major organs of the digestive system
GI tract
Stomach- acid and enzyme digestion
small intestine
Duodenum- chemical digestion
Jejunum/Iluem- absorption
Esophagus- transports food
Large intestine- water absorption, feces formation
pharynx- swallowing pathway
Rectum/Anus- elimination
Mouth- ingestion, salivary enzymes
Accessory Organs
Liver-produces bile
Gallbladder- stores bile
Salivary glands- amylase
Pancreas- digestive enzymes+bicarbonate
Digestive Enzymes (names + functions)
Proteins
Pepsin (stomach) -> proteins -> peptides
Trypsin (pancreas) -> peptides -> smaller peptides
Peptidases -> amino acids
Lipids
Lipase -> fats -> fatty acids + glycerol
Bile -> fats
Carbohydrates
Maltase -> maltose -> glucose
Lactase -> lactose -> glucose + galactose
Amylase - starch -> maltose
Nucleic Acids
Nucleases -> DNA/RNA -> nucleotides
Layers of the Gl tract
Submucosa
Blood vessels, nerves
Muscularis Externa
Circular + longitudinal layers
Responsible for peristalsis
Mucosa
Secretion + absorption
Serosa
Outer protective layer
Features
Extra muscle layer - helps churning
Produces
Pepsinogen -> pepsin
HCI
gastric pits - secrete acid and enzymes
Nephron anatomy and physiology
Structures
Proximale convoluted tubule- reabsorption of nutrients
Loop of Henle
descending -> water reabsorption- substances return to blood
Ascending -> salt reabsoprtion
Bowman's capsule - collects filtrate
Distal covoluted tubule- regulation
Glomerulus- capillary network (filtration)
Collecting duct - final urine concrentration
Processes
Reabsortption - useful substances return to blood
Secretion – wastes added to filtrate
Filtration - blood -> filtrate
Excretion – urine leaves body
Major functions of the urinary system
Excretion
regulation
electrolytes
ph balance
water balance
Filtration- blood filtered in kidneys
hormone production
rbc
blood pressure
Major organs of the urinary system
Kidneys- Filter blood, form urine
Ureters- carry urine to bladder
Urinary bladder- stores urine
Urethra- eliminates urine
Location of digestion and absorption
proteins
Digestion: Stomach + small intestine (amino acids)
Absorption: small intestine ( amino acids)
Lipids
Digestion: small intestine
Absorption: lymphatic system
Carbohydrates
DIgestion: mouth + small intestine
Absorption: Small intestine ( glucose into blood)
Nucleic Acids
Digestion: small intestine
Absoprtion: bloodstream
Disorders of the Digestive System
Lactose intolerance – lack of lactase
Crohn’s disease – inflammation of intestines
Ulcers – stomach lining damage
Constipation/diarrhea – motility issues
Acid reflux (GERD) – stomach acid in esophagus
Disorders of the Urinary System
Kidney stones – mineral buildup
Kidney failure – loss of filtration ability
Urinary tract infection (UTI) – bacterial infection
Incontinence – loss of bladder control