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Pulp Morphology and Dental Occlusion, Medinna Rasha / 2506557816 - Coggle…
Pulp Morphology and Dental Occlusion
Dental Anatomy
Structure & Components of Dental Pulp
Histological Layers (4 zones)
Odontoblastic layer
Outer layer
Odontoblasts → form dentin
Cell-free zone (Weil)
Capillaries
Nerve plexus (Raschkow)
Cell-rich zone
Fibroblasts
Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
→ repair & regeneration
Pulp core
Blood vessels
Nerves
Connective tissue
Cells
Odontoblasts → dentin
Fibroblasts → collagen
Mesenchymal cells → regeneration
Immune cells → defense
Extracellular
Collagen fibers
Ground substance → support + diffusion
Blood supply
Enters via apical foramen
Rich vascular → high sensitivity
Nerve supply
Pain fibers only
Plexus of Raschkow
Roles of Dental Pulp
Functions
Formative
Forms dentin→ via odontoblasts
Nutritive
Supplies nutrients→ via blood vessels
Sensory
Detects pain→ via nerve fibers
Protective
Defense + repair→ tertiary dentin formation
Gradual Shape Changes (Pulp + Apical Foramen)
Primary Teeth
Pulp chamber → very large
Pulp horns → high
Root canal → wide
Apical foramen → open
Young Permanent
Large pulp chamber
Prominent pulp horns
Wide canals
Open apex
Adult
Smaller pulp chamber
Reduced pulp horns
Narrow canals
Small apical foramen
Elderly
Very small / obliterated pulp
Pulp horns disappear
Narrow/calcified canals
Very small/irregular apex
Dental Orifice (Position & Shape)
Basic Concept
Orifice = opening of root canal
Located at floor of pulp chamber
Chamber = room, Orifice = door
Anterior Teeth
Usually 1 orifice
Centered
Maxillary
Single canal
Mandibular
May have 2 (labial + lingual)
Premolars
Maxillary
2 orifices (B + L)
Mandibular
Usually 1 (sometimes 2)
Molars
Maxillary molars
3 main orifices:
MB, DB, Palatal
Triangular pattern
Possible MB2 canal
Mandibular molars
3 orifices:
2 mesial + 1 distal
Rectangular/triangular
May have 4 canals
Shape of Pulp Chamber & Root Canal
Deciduous vs Permanent
Deciduous
Large chamber
Prominent pulp horns
Wide canals
Flared form
Wide apex
Permanent
Smaller chamber
Less prominent horns
Narrow canals
Cylindrical
Smaller apex
Anterior vs Posterior
Anterior
Simple shape
Usually 1 canal
Narrow MD, wider LL
Posterior
Complex shape
Multiple canals
Irregular form
Pulp horns = number of cusps
Orthodontics
Centric Relation (CR)
Jaw position (mandible to maxilla)
Independent of tooth contact
Condyles:
Anterior-superior position
Most stable joint position
Reproducible reference
Centric Occlusion (CO)
Maximum tooth contact
Maximum intercuspation
Habitual bite
Depends on teeth
May ≠ CR
Curvature of Dental Arch
3D curvature of occlusion
Components:
Curve of Spee (front–back)
Curve of Wilson (side–side)
Function
Distributes forces
Improves chewing
Stabilizes occlusion
Curve of Spee vs Curve of Wilson
Curve of Spee
Direction: Anteroposterior
View: side
Path: canine → molars
Shape:
Mandible → concave
Maxilla → convex
Function:
Smooth jaw movement
Curve of Wilson
Direction: Mediolateral
View: front
Shape:
Mandible → concave
Maxilla → convex
Function:
Lateral stability
Medinna Rasha / 2506557816