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Chapters 44 + 45 - Coggle Diagram
Chapters 44 + 45
Chapter 44: Osmoregulation and Excretion
Osmoregulation
Nitrogenous Waste
Excretory Systems
The Nephron
Hormonal CIrcuits
Chapter 45: Hormones + Endocrine System
Feedback Regulation and Coordination
Simple pathways
Simple endocrine pathway
endocrine cells respond directly to stimulus
Simple neuroendocrine pathway
sensory neuron recieves stimulus
Feedback loops: types
Negative
Response elicited "dampens" stimulus; limits response
e.g. eating to curb hunger
Positive
amplifies stimulus and response to completion
Endocrine Glands
Hormones + Other Signaling Molecules
types of signalling
Paracrine signals
Act on neighboring cells
Autocrine signals
Act on the secreting cell itself
Neurotransmitters
act locally, but neurohormones can act throughout body
Pheremones
released into environment
Used to communicate between animals of same species
Hormone = a secreted molecule
Circulates thru body, stimulates specific cells
Function of endocrine system
Local regulators
carry out paracrine and autocrine signaling
Prostaglandins (modified fatty acids)
Nitric oxide (a gas)
Cytokines and growth factors (polypeptides
Major classes of animal hormones
Steroids
Amines
Polypeptides