Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Psychopathology - Coggle Diagram
Psychopathology
-
Phobias
-
Behaviourist approach
Mowrer- whenever we avoid phobic stimulus, we escape the feat and anxiety we would have had.
Evaluation
- Strength: Exposure therapy
- Weakness: Doesnt take into account cognitive components
Treatment
- Systematic desensitisation
- 1) Anxiety hierarchy
- 2) Relaxation
- 3) Exposure
- 4) Vivo or vitro
Or flooding
AO3: Practical applications- VRET
AO3: Flooding is traumatic, unethical and can sometimes worsen phobia
Depression
A category of mood disorders
Requires at least 5 symptoms every day for 2 weeks
- Self harm
- Thoughts at suicide
- Sleeping too much/little
- Eating too much/little
- Low mood
- Lack of interest or pleasure
Types
- Major depressive disorder- short time
- Persistent depressive disorder- long time
- Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder- irritability and anger
- Premenstrual dysphoric disorder- prior to female menstruation
Cognitive approach
Becks Cognitive theory
- Negative self-schemas
- Faulty information processing
- Negative triad
Faulty information processing
- Cognitive bias
- Overgeneralisation, personalisation, selective abstraction, magnification, minimisation.
Negative triad
- Negative view of self
- Negative view of world
- Negative view of future
Evaluation
- Scientific based, practical applications (CBT)
- Nature ignored, role of learning ignored, environment ignored
-
Treatments
- If depression is caused by irrational thinking, then changing the thinking will change the behaviour
Cognitive treatments
- Behavioural activation- become more active
- Homework
- Thought catching
- Cognitive restructuring
Or thought logs
Effectiveness of CBT
- Drugs 50%
- CBT 43%
- Placebo 25%
DEF
- Dispute- empirical, logical and pragmatic
- Effect- encourage client to adopt rational and realistic beliefs
- Feelings- feelings will improve
OCD
Biological explanation
Genetic
- Candidate genes (COMT SERT)
- Polygenic (Taylor 2013)
- Passed down through families
- Twin studies
AO3: Nestadt's twin studies
- Found a 68% concordance of OCD in MZ's and 31% in DZ's
-
Neural
Neurotransmitters
- Abnormal levels of serotonin and dopamine
AO3: Existence of supporting evidence
- Antidepressants that only work on serotonin are effective
AO3: Weakness is co-morbidity
- They may actually have depression.
-