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energy systems - Coggle Diagram
energy systems
ATP-PC system
- ATP is stored in the muscles ready to be broken down during contractions, however there is a very limited supply of ATP.
- when the bonds in the ATP break, energy is released which allows the muscles to contract.... after 3 seconds ATP is all used up!
- creatine kinase breaks down the phosphocreatine into a phosphate, creatine, and energy. a phosphate and energy is donated to ADP to break down into ATP
keeps you working at max capasity.
3-10 seconds, short boost of energy.
+: rapidly resynthesises ATP, no fatiging by products, can extend through creatine suppliments.
-: only a limited supply of phosphocreatine in the muscle cell, only 1ATP for 1PC
EPOC
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fast component- lasts 3 minutes, rapid portion of debt. the resaturation of ATP and phosphocreatine stores and restoration of myoglobin with oxygen.
oxygen deficit occurs when theres not enough oxygen present at the start of exercise to supply ATP aerobically.
slow component- lasts longer, removal of lactic acid in the blood, and conversion back into glucose.
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anaerobic glycotic
lasts 10s-3mins, peaking at 45s
-glycogen is stored in the muscles and liver and supplies the anaerobic system with fuel.
-this is broken down by enzymes into glucose.
-glucose is broken down through the process of glycolysis to produce energy, which has pyruvic acid as its product
-2 ATP molecules are produced for 1 glucose molecule
-lactic acid is produced when pyruvic acid is proken down.
+: in the presence of o2 lactic acid can be converted back into muscle/liver glycogen, used for a sprint finish, few chemical reactions
-: lactic acid = byproduct and the accumulation of acid in the body results in the denaturing enzymes, only a small amount of energy
aerobic
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the krebb cycle
-pyruvic acid is converted into acetyl coenzyme A, diffusing into the matrix. beta oxidation occurs, forming oxaloacetic acid which combines with coenzyme A to form citric acid.
-oxidation of citric acid=hydrogen ions and co2 removed.
-hydrogen ions passed onto electron transport chain.
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lactate accumulation
-lactic acid is produced in anaerobic glycolysis. the higher the intensity, the more lactic acid is produced.
-lactic acid breaks down releasing hydrogen ions
-left over compounds combine with potassium and sodium, lactate is formed
lactate accumulates increasing the acidity of the blood
-enzymes denature and muscles fatigue
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OBLA
this is the point where lactate accumulates above the threshold (4mmls). indicates endurance capsity
A lactate threshold is expressed as a % of VO2 max. the more we train the higher the lactate threshold as a % of VO2 max
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