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Short Term Regulation of Arterial Blood Pressure - Coggle Diagram
Short Term Regulation of
Arterial Blood Pressure
Nervous System Regulation
SYMPATHETIC
CV EFFECT
Increased HR and contractility
Increased peripheral vascular resistance
Increased venous tone
Release of RENIN
T1-L2
Nerve Pathway
Sympathetic Nerves to Heart and Visera
Peripheral Spinal Nerves
Collateral Ganglia
Blood Vessels
VASOCONSTRICTION
Arteries
Increased resistance
Veins
Decreased volume
Actions
Rapid increase in ABP
Active Hyperemia
Extreme Fright
PARASYMPATHETIC
Decreased HR
VASOMOTOR CENTER
Output
Spinal Nerves
Increased HR/ Contractility
Vagus Nerve
Decreased HR
Areas
Sensory
Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Hypothalamus
Cerebral Cortex
CN IX and X
Output to both areas
Vasoconstrictor
SNS
Tonic state of activity
MOA
EPI and NE from adrenal medulla
Alpha Receptors on Vascular SM
Vasodilator
PNS
Inhibits VC area
MOA
Anterior hypothalmus
EPI on Beta 2 receptors
EPI + ACh = active hyperemia
Vasovagal syncope
Reflex Control
Baroreceptor
Carotid/Aortic Sinus
CN IX / X
VMC Sensory Area
Activate VC/VD area
⬆️ ABP
⬆️ stretch
Activate PNS / VASODILATOR area
:arrow_down: peripheral resistance
⬇️ ABP
Vasodilation
:arrow_down: HR and contractility
Inhibit vasoconstrictor area
⬇️ ABP
⬇️stretch
Activate SNS / VASOCONTRICTOR area
:arrow_up: peripheral resistance
:arrow_up: ABP
:arrow_up: HR and contractility
Response: 50 - 180 mm Hg
Maintain ABP Narrow Range
85-115 mm Hg
Reduce Minute to Minute Variation in ABP
Pressure Buffer System
Reset every 1-2 days (NO LONG-term)
Chemoreceptor
Carotid/ Aortic Body
CN IX / X
Sensory
Increased H+
Increased CO2
:arrow_up: ABP
Decreased O2
Only response below 80 mm Hg
RESPIRATORY CONTROL
Increase ABP in OSA and OBESITY
Low Pressure Receptor
Stretch Receptors in
Atria and Pulmonary Artery
Parallel to Baroreceptors
Prevent ABP change with
changes in blood volume
Volume Reflex
Stretch Receptors in
Atria and Pulmonary Artery
Output
Decreased ADH
Increased BNP
More water and Na+ excretion
Decreased SNS
Bainbridge Reflex
Stretch of SA Node
Increased HR 40-60%
Increased SNS
Increased contracility
CNS Ischemic Response
:arrow_down: blood flow to VMC
Increased SNS / VASOCONSTRICTOR activity
ABP increases by 250 mm Hg
POWERFUL
ABP less than 60 mm Hg
BEST at 15-20 mm Hg
Cushing Reflex
:arrow_up: :red_flag: CSF pressure
Suppress arterial blood flow
Valsalva Maneuver
Increased intraTHORACIC pressure
:arrow_down: venous return
:arrow_down: CO and ABP
Sensed by BARORECEPTORS
:arrow_up: HR and contractility
Release valsalva
Decreased intrathoracic pressure
:arrow_up: venous return
:arrow_up: CO and ABP
Sensed by BARORECEPTORS
:arrow_down: HR and contractility
Abdominal Compression Reflex
:arrow_down: ABP
Baroreceptor or Chemoreceptor sense change
Contract abdominal muscles
:arrow_up: venous return
:arrow_up: blood volume
:arrow_up: cardiac output / ABP
Oculocardiac Reflex
Pressure on eye
CN V
:arrow_up: PNS
:arrow_down: HR / ABP
Bezold-Jarisch Reflex
Ventricular Mechanoreceptor
Low ventricular filling
Increased PNS
TRIAD
HYPOTENSION
BRADYCARDIA
Coronary vasodilation