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Electric charge - Coggle Diagram
Electric charge
All matter is made of atoms, which consist of a nucleus (protons with positive charge and neutrons with no charge) and electrons (negative charge) orbiting around it.
Matter is usually neutral because it has equal numbers of protons and electrons, so the charges cancel out.
When electrons move from one object to another, an imbalance occurs, creating positive or negative charges.
Like charges repel each other, and opposite charges attract.
ELECTIC CURRENT
Electric current is the continuous flow of electrons through a material, but not all materials allow this.
It occurs when there is an imbalance of electrons between two points and stops once the charges are equalized (like water leveling between containers).
Conductors allow current to flow easily (e.g., metals like gold, silver, and copper).
Insulators block the flow of current (e.g., plastic, wood, ceramic, and air).
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Electric quiantites
Voltage (V) (measured in volts): the difference in electrical energy between two points; it pushes electrons to move (like height difference in water).
Current (I) (measured in amperes or amps): the number of electrons passing through a point per second (like flowing water).
Resistance (R) (measured in ohms): the opposition to the flow of electric current (like obstacles in a pipe).
Ohm's Law
Ohm’s Law, formulated by Georg Ohm, describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance:V = I × R
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